Country or area · Western Europe · Europe · UN WPP 2024

Luxembourg population

Luxembourg population now

689,120

A projection read at this second, not a count: the UN's totals for 1 January 2026 and 2027, joined by a straight line. 95% range for 31 December 2026: 676,700–705,633.

Mid-2023, UN estimate: 665,098

Year: 2026; projection · medium
Population, mid-2026: 687,444; 95% range, 31 Dec: 676,700–705,633
Median age: 40.7
Aged 65+: 16.2%

Move through time, 1950–2100

2023 | 2024 peak 2061

male female projection · one cell = 100 people

How to read this: one row for each age, newborns at the bottom; men on the left, women on the right.

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries

LUX · 1950–2100 · in brief

Luxembourg in numbers

Luxembourg had 665,098 people in mid-2023, the 169th-largest population of the 236 countries and areas the UN reports, and less than 0.01% of the world's people. That is 2.2 times its 1950 population of 297 thousand.

The UN's medium projection has it peaking in 2061 at 801 thousand, then falling to 748 thousand by 2100. The projection is uncertain: on 1 January 2100 the UN's 95% range runs from 151 thousand to 4.8 million.

In the medium projection, deaths outnumber births every year from 2042 on. Deaths also outnumbered births in 1971–1978. The population still grows until 2061, because more people arrive than leave.

The median age was 34.9 in 1950 and 39.9 in 2023; the projection has 49.9 in 2100. 15.1% of people were 65 or older in 2023, against 32.8% projected for 2100. The working-age population (15–64) is projected to peak in 2043 at 485 thousand.

Among countries it ranks 169th in 2023, 168th in 2050 and 170th in 2100. In the medium projection it overtakes Macao in 2033, Mauritius in 2081 and Bhutan in 2085. It is overtaken by Western Sahara in 2056.

Population, mid-2023: 665,098
Rank by population, 2023: 169 of 236
Share of the world, 2023: less than 0.01%
Change in a year, mid-2022 to mid-2023: +1.80% · +11,786 people
People per km² of land, 2023: 258
Land area, 2023: 2,574 km²
Births, 2023: 6,946
Deaths, 2023: 4,642
Net migration, 2023: +5,905
Children per woman, 2023: 1.40
Median age, 2023: 39.9 years
Life expectancy at birth, 2023: 82.2 years
In a city, 2025: 23 of every 100
Population, mid-1950: 296,570
Projected, mid-2050: 791,464
Projected, mid-2100: 747,990

LUX · 1950–2100 · total population

Population, 1950–2100

peak 2061estimates | projections01 m2 m3 m4 m5 m1950197520002025205020752100

estimate projection, up to the bottom of the 95% range 95% range medium projection. One column is one year's population, read on 1 January; the paper rules divide it into equal cells.

Show the numbers: Luxembourg, 1950–2100

Luxembourg: population on 1 January, births, deaths, fertility and life expectancy, 1950–2100
Year	Kind	Population, 1 Jan	95% range	Births	Deaths	Children per woman	Life expectancy
1950	estimate	295,793		4,381	3,647	1.96	65.5
1951	estimate	297,346		4,488	3,552	1.99	65.9
1952	estimate	298,974		4,834	3,589	2.13	66.1
1953	estimate	300,828		4,864	3,671	2.13	66.4
1954	estimate	302,538		4,998	3,572	2.18	66.7
1955	estimate	304,424		4,962	3,624	2.17	67.4
1956	estimate	306,200		4,807	3,691	2.10	67.1
1957	estimate	307,716		4,899	3,853	2.16	66.9
1958	estimate	309,163		4,889	3,548	2.17	68.4
1959	estimate	310,914		4,942	3,605	2.21	68.4
1960	estimate	313,155		5,047	3,668	2.28	68.8
1961	estimate	314,600		5,109	3,596	2.33	69.2
1962	estimate	318,084		5,124	4,007	2.34	68.4
1963	estimate	321,219		5,087	3,902	2.32	68.7
1964	estimate	324,477		5,183	3,844	2.36	68.8
1965	estimate	327,988		5,262	4,045	2.40	69.2
1966	estimate	331,417		5,163	4,063	2.35	68.9
1967	estimate	334,737		4,944	4,139	2.24	69.5
1968	estimate	336,298		4,685	4,119	2.12	70.0
1969	estimate	337,716		4,473	4,205	2.02	69.7
1970	estimate	338,810		4,380	4,191	1.97	69.2
1971	estimate	339,854		4,349	4,415	1.95	69.3
1972	estimate	344,058		4,028	4,146	1.75	70.5
1973	estimate	348,087		3,778	4,224	1.58	70.3
1974	estimate	350,315		3,862	4,366	1.58	70.2
1975	estimate	352,536		3,895	4,399	1.56	70.3
1976	estimate	354,825		3,838	4,550	1.50	70.2
1977	estimate	356,918		3,965	4,136	1.51	71.5
1978	estimate	359,571		4,016	4,226	1.49	71.5
1979	estimate	362,522		4,084	4,010	1.48	72.3
1980	estimate	363,266		4,190	4,154	1.50	72.4
1981	estimate	364,145		4,393	4,156	1.55	72.1
1982	estimate	364,825		4,280	4,152	1.49	72.2
1983	estimate	365,287		4,183	4,150	1.44	73.0
1984	estimate	365,693		4,182	4,112	1.42	72.7
1985	estimate	366,102		4,104	4,062	1.39	73.3
1986	estimate	367,220		4,270	4,025	1.43	74.1
1987	estimate	369,591		4,251	4,050	1.41	73.9
1988	estimate	371,989		4,579	3,908	1.51	74.3
1989	estimate	375,576		4,656	4,049	1.53	74.3
1990	estimate	379,179		4,899	3,846	1.60	75.0
1991	estimate	384,221		4,954	3,826	1.61	75.0
1992	estimate	389,413		5,100	4,097	1.65	74.8
1993	estimate	394,514		5,300	3,988	1.71	75.4
1994	estimate	399,886		5,398	3,886	1.73	75.9
1995	estimate	405,294		5,373	3,902	1.71	75.9
1996	estimate	411,160		5,615	3,976	1.77	76.2
1997	estimate	416,393		5,456	4,022	1.72	76.4
1998	estimate	421,544		5,348	3,995	1.69	76.6
1999	estimate	426,765		5,502	3,906	1.74	77.0
2000	estimate	433,029		5,564	3,871	1.76	77.3
2001	estimate	439,236		5,418	3,806	1.66	77.5
2002	estimate	444,267		5,311	3,833	1.63	77.5
2003	estimate	448,510		5,240	4,166	1.62	77.3
2004	estimate	455,166		5,381	3,684	1.66	78.7
2005	estimate	461,425		5,291	3,731	1.63	78.9
2006	estimate	469,302		5,427	3,861	1.65	78.8
2007	estimate	476,430		5,387	3,941	1.61	79.1
2008	estimate	484,110		5,477	3,683	1.61	80.1
2009	estimate	493,871		5,550	3,770	1.59	79.9
2010	estimate	502,502		5,757	3,857	1.62	80.1
2011	estimate	512,318		5,524	3,910	1.53	80.3
2012	estimate	524,850		5,905	3,987	1.57	80.4
2013	estimate	537,045		5,996	3,912	1.55	80.8
2014	estimate	549,662		5,955	3,932	1.50	81.2
2015	estimate	562,896		5,992	4,092	1.47	81.3
2016	estimate	576,176		5,967	4,071	1.42	81.6
2017	estimate	590,836		6,058	4,382	1.39	81.1
2018	estimate	602,155		6,153	4,409	1.38	81.5
2019	estimate	614,047		6,138	4,408	1.34	81.6
2020	estimate	626,279		6,389	4,715	1.36	81.4
2021	estimate	634,915		6,581	4,593	1.38	81.8
2022	estimate	645,633		6,716	4,545	1.39	82.2
2023	estimate	660,992		6,946	4,642	1.40	82.2
2024	estimate	669,204		6,941	4,956	1.40	82.4
2025	projection	676,868	672,988–681,144	6,948	5,009	1.40	82.5
2026	projection	684,039	675,362–693,373	6,943	5,061	1.41	82.6
2027	projection	690,858	676,700–705,633	6,913	5,120	1.42	82.8
2028	projection	697,698	677,898–719,561	6,870	5,180	1.42	82.9
2029	projection	704,456	678,182–734,732	6,815	5,250	1.43	83.0
2030	projection	710,726	677,127–750,389	6,742	5,322	1.43	83.2
2031	projection	716,608	674,420–765,914	6,674	5,401	1.44	83.3
2032	projection	722,260	672,030–780,426	6,600	5,482	1.44	83.5
2033	projection	727,896	669,383–798,468	6,542	5,578	1.44	83.6
2034	projection	733,146	664,728–814,805	6,501	5,676	1.45	83.7
2035	projection	738,156	660,317–833,804	6,472	5,772	1.45	83.9
2036	projection	743,101	655,524–854,458	6,459	5,887	1.45	84.0
2037	projection	747,735	649,220–871,587	6,461	6,003	1.45	84.2
2038	projection	752,087	641,588–890,683	6,463	6,124	1.45	84.3
2039	projection	756,534	635,847–910,417	6,504	6,260	1.46	84.4
2040	projection	760,767	628,742–932,232	6,543	6,395	1.46	84.5
2041	projection	764,579	621,958–949,843	6,585	6,520	1.46	84.7
2042	projection	768,284	613,751–967,806	6,633	6,667	1.46	84.8
2043	projection	771,855	602,862–991,552	6,687	6,812	1.47	84.9
2044	projection	775,015	0.6–1.0 million	6,730	6,964	1.47	85.0
2045	projection	778,055	0.6–1.0 million	6,766	7,108	1.47	85.2
2046	projection	781,023	0.6–1.1 million	6,803	7,268	1.47	85.3
2047	projection	783,671	0.6–1.1 million	6,834	7,413	1.48	85.4
2048	projection	786,137	0.6–1.1 million	6,853	7,568	1.48	85.5
2049	projection	788,564	0.5–1.1 million	6,883	7,721	1.48	85.7
2050	projection	790,578	0.5–1.2 million	6,895	7,862	1.48	85.8
2051	projection	792,350	0.5–1.2 million	6,904	8,008	1.48	85.9
2052	projection	794,216	0.5–1.2 million	6,910	8,155	1.49	86.0
2053	projection	795,596	0.5–1.2 million	6,920	8,274	1.49	86.1
2054	projection	796,879	0.5–1.3 million	6,921	8,408	1.49	86.2
2055	projection	798,107	0.5–1.3 million	6,930	8,528	1.49	86.3
2056	projection	799,209	0.5–1.3 million	6,928	8,627	1.50	86.5
2057	projection	799,614	0.5–1.4 million	6,909	8,724	1.50	86.6
2058	projection	800,010	0.5–1.4 million	6,886	8,821	1.50	86.7
2059	projection	800,400	0.4–1.5 million	6,867	8,887	1.50	86.8
2060	projection	800,630	0.4–1.5 million	6,845	8,961	1.50	86.9
2061	projection	800,720	0.4–1.5 million	6,818	9,028	1.50	87.0
2062	projection	800,873	0.4–1.6 million	6,782	9,093	1.50	87.1
2063	projection	800,669	0.4–1.6 million	6,741	9,136	1.51	87.2
2064	projection	800,402	0.4–1.7 million	6,714	9,186	1.51	87.3
2065	projection	800,114	0.4–1.7 million	6,677	9,228	1.51	87.5
2066	projection	799,761	0.4–1.8 million	6,643	9,269	1.51	87.6
2067	projection	799,341	0.4–1.8 million	6,608	9,309	1.51	87.7
2068	projection	798,695	0.4–1.9 million	6,575	9,356	1.51	87.8
2069	projection	797,962	0.4–1.9 million	6,545	9,404	1.51	87.9
2070	projection	796,997	0.3–2.0 million	6,523	9,436	1.52	88.0
2071	projection	795,660	0.3–2.0 million	6,496	9,482	1.52	88.1
2072	projection	794,631	0.3–2.1 million	6,481	9,529	1.52	88.2
2073	projection	793,227	0.3–2.2 million	6,476	9,576	1.52	88.3
2074	projection	791,832	0.3–2.2 million	6,471	9,622	1.52	88.4
2075	projection	790,531	0.3–2.3 million	6,465	9,660	1.52	88.5
2076	projection	789,202	0.3–2.4 million	6,463	9,701	1.52	88.6
2077	projection	787,795	0.3–2.5 million	6,459	9,731	1.52	88.8
2078	projection	786,281	0.3–2.6 million	6,464	9,761	1.52	88.8
2079	projection	784,849	0.3–2.6 million	6,467	9,784	1.52	89.0
2080	projection	783,224	0.3–2.7 million	6,461	9,798	1.52	89.0
2081	projection	781,566	0.3–2.8 million	6,448	9,782	1.52	89.2
2082	projection	779,747	0.3–2.9 million	6,442	9,778	1.52	89.3
2083	projection	777,802	0.3–3.0 million	6,435	9,763	1.52	89.4
2084	projection	776,230	0.2–3.1 million	6,437	9,727	1.52	89.5
2085	projection	774,374	0.2–3.2 million	6,423	9,691	1.52	89.6
2086	projection	772,518	0.2–3.3 million	6,416	9,643	1.52	89.7
2087	projection	770,599	0.2–3.3 million	6,399	9,565	1.53	89.8
2088	projection	768,676	0.2–3.4 million	6,376	9,480	1.53	89.9
2089	projection	766,887	0.2–3.6 million	6,350	9,400	1.53	90.0
2090	projection	765,212	0.2–3.6 million	6,330	9,325	1.53	90.1
2091	projection	763,555	0.2–3.8 million	6,318	9,232	1.53	90.2
2092	projection	761,761	0.2–3.9 million	6,287	9,148	1.53	90.3
2093	projection	760,308	0.2–4.0 million	6,262	9,062	1.53	90.4
2094	projection	758,756	0.2–4.1 million	6,227	8,981	1.53	90.5
2095	projection	757,156	0.2–4.3 million	6,201	8,898	1.53	90.6
2096	projection	755,848	0.2–4.4 million	6,176	8,843	1.53	90.7
2097	projection	754,216	0.2–4.6 million	6,144	8,789	1.53	90.8
2098	projection	752,398	0.2–4.7 million	6,110	8,739	1.54	90.9
2099	projection	750,668	0.2–4.7 million	6,077	8,701	1.54	91.0
2100	projection	748,879	0.2–4.8 million	6,044	8,685	1.54	91.1

Show the numbers: Luxembourg, mid-2026, by single year of age

Luxembourg: population by single year of age, mid-2026
Age	Male	Female
0	3,618	3,436
1	3,677	3,496
2	3,709	3,532
3	3,575	3,446
4	3,570	3,452
5	3,668	3,510
6	3,583	3,513
7	3,616	3,534
8	3,694	3,522
9	3,678	3,557
10	3,706	3,553
11	3,810	3,553
12	3,802	3,614
13	3,725	3,600
14	3,730	3,484
15	3,730	3,504
16	3,708	3,532
17	3,710	3,518
18	3,720	3,583
19	3,756	3,624
20	3,888	3,569
21	3,960	3,569
22	3,961	3,644
23	3,992	3,696
24	3,977	3,802
25	4,157	3,967
26	4,406	4,133
27	4,608	4,306
28	5,000	4,618
29	5,279	4,880
30	5,268	5,044
31	5,299	5,169
32	5,497	5,203
33	5,606	5,281
34	5,564	5,300
35	5,644	5,342
36	5,684	5,408
37	5,581	5,440
38	5,520	5,400
39	5,454	5,335
40	5,328	5,266
41	5,231	5,150
42	5,226	5,171
43	5,246	5,192
44	5,266	5,178
45	5,266	5,110
46	5,131	5,027
47	4,966	4,968
48	4,951	4,932
49	4,930	4,791
50	4,878	4,670
51	4,813	4,673
52	4,739	4,566
53	4,747	4,545
54	4,890	4,640
55	4,850	4,653
56	4,809	4,630
57	4,928	4,576
58	4,912	4,565
59	4,829	4,500
60	4,788	4,400
61	4,730	4,370
62	4,561	4,268
63	4,312	4,118
64	4,076	4,002
65	3,859	3,836
66	3,684	3,636
67	3,526	3,467
68	3,329	3,306
69	3,102	3,210
70	2,877	3,112
71	2,749	2,978
72	2,642	2,871
73	2,501	2,736
74	2,322	2,501
75	2,179	2,391
76	2,116	2,359
77	2,017	2,251
78	1,873	2,133
79	1,737	1,971
80	1,518	1,757
81	1,324	1,606
82	1,245	1,550
83	1,136	1,472
84	970	1,359
85	833	1,257
86	778	1,218
87	693	1,142
88	584	980
89	497	838
90	404	736
91	312	626
92	248	518
93	194	432
94	150	364
95	114	294
96	78	222
97	50	155
98	32	106
99	18	72
100+	20	108

LUX · 1950–2100 · every age, every year

Luxembourg, every age in every year

Each column is a year and each row an age; the denser the ink in a cell, the more people. Everyone born in the same year climbs one 45° diagonal, so famines, baby booms and migration show up as streaks. Select a cell to follow its generation.

LUX · ages 15–64

Who does the work in Luxembourg

On the UN's projection, Luxembourg will have the most working-age people it ever has in 2043: 485,272 people aged 15–64. In 2023 it had 459,409.

100 aged 15–64

23 children

22 aged 65+

aged 15–64 children under 15 aged 65 and over

How to read this: the orange squares are 100 people aged 15–64 in 2023, and the rows below are how many children (teal) and how many people aged 65 or older (violet) lived alongside them.

Fewer than 50 dependants live alongside every 100 people aged 15–64 in 68 years: 1950–1964 and 1977–2029.

fewer than 50 dependants per 100 the same, projected 50 or more

How to read this: the strip runs 1950 to 2100. Coloured years are the ones with under 50 dependants for every 100 people aged 15–64; grey years are the rest, and a hatched year has not happened yet.

How every country compares

LUX · arrivals minus departures

Who arrives in Luxembourg, and who leaves

In 2020–2025 Luxembourg gains 7,919 people a year: everyone who arrives, minus everyone who leaves. The age at which that happens most is 25–29, at 1,595 a year more arriving than leaving.

one square = 200 people a year

020406080+

more arrive than leave more leave than arrive

How to read this: left to right is age, from babies to 100. Blue squares above the line are ages at which more people arrive than leave; orange squares below it, ages at which more leave than arrive. These are the UN's projection for 2020–2025. There is no record of migration by age before 2020.

Its best and worst years between 1950 and 2023: a gain of 13,194 (2022), and a loss of 61 (1960).

In 2024, 344,309 people living in Luxembourg had been born in another country, 51 of every 100 people there, against 30 in 1990.

How migration works everywhere

LUX · births by the mother's age · 1950–2100

Who has the babies in Luxembourg

Of every 100 babies born in Luxembourg in 2023, 1 had a mother under 20, 66 a mother aged 20 to 34 and 33 a mother aged 35 or older. In 1950 it was 4 under 20 and 15 aged 35 or older.

1950
4 · 81 · 15

2023
1 · 66 · 33

2050 · projected
1 · 67 · 32

The mother's age: under 20 20 to 34 35 or older projected

How to read this: each block is 100 babies born in that year, one square each, coloured by how old the mother was. The numbers under a block are the three groups, youngest mothers first.

Babies born, 2023: 6,946
Average age when women have a baby: 32.3 years; 28.6 in 1950
Babies a year per 1,000 girls aged 15–19: 4; 16 in 1950

Babies by the mother's age, 1950–2100

Babies born in Luxembourg by the mother's age
Mother's age	1950	1975	2000	2023	2050 projected	2100 projected
10–14	1	0	2	1	1	1
15–19	172	293	140	67	83	76
20–24	1,160	1,296	807	436	548	484
25–29	1,508	1,366	1,791	1,447	1,472	1,278
30–34	877	628	1,887	2,714	2,584	2,247
35–39	506	256	812	1,802	1,739	1,530
40–44	148	50	122	442	432	392
45–49	8	5	3	37	36	36
50–54	1	1	0	0	0	0
All babies	4,381	3,895	5,564	6,946	6,895	6,044

The UN's births for each year, split by the mother's age in the UN's own proportions.

LUX · healthy years · 2021

Years in good health in Luxembourg

Of the 82.8 years a baby born in Luxembourg in 2021 could expect, about 71.2 would be lived in full health (95% range 70.5–72.1). That leaves 11.6 years in less than full health, more than the world's 9.5: a longer life usually brings a longer stretch of illness near its end.

Women

71.7 in full health, 13.1 not: 84.8 years

Men

70.8 in full health, 10.0 not: 80.8 years

a year in full health a year in less than full health

How to read this: each square is a year of life, each row ten years; filled squares are years in full health, rounded to whole years.

Women: 71.7 healthy years of 84.8. Men: 70.8 of 80.8.

LUX · forced from home · end of 2025

Displacement in Luxembourg

At the end of 2025, Luxembourg was hosting 13,334 people who had crossed a border into it, about 20 of every 1,000 people living there.

hosted from abroad13,334
Luxembourg nationals abroad20

stayed inside their own country crossed a border

How to read this: count the squares — 500 people each, so the rows can be compared with one another. The last row is people from Luxembourg living in another country, wherever they are. An outlined square means fewer people than one square stands for.

In 2025, 1,655 people asked for asylum in Luxembourg for the first time. Who asks for asylum, and who is given it

How the world's displacement is counted

LUX · of every 100 people

How people live in Luxembourg

Of every 100 people in Luxembourg in 2025, 23 lived in a city, 49 in a town or suburb and 28 in the countryside.

cities towns and suburbs rural areas

Nearly everyone has electricity at home (2024). 1.2 of every 100 do not use the internet (2024).

How to read this: 100 squares, one for every 100th person, coloured by where they live, as the key says. The same rule is used in every country.

How the world's people live

LUX · adults 25 and over · 2020

How far people in Luxembourg went in school

Almost every adult in Luxembourg went to school: of every 100 in 2020, 71 finished upper secondary or went further.

16 finished primary 13 finished lower secondary 36 finished upper secondary 35 studied after school

Its people aged 15 to 64 are projected to be most numerous in 2030; the ones who finished upper secondary are most numerous later, in 2075.

How to read this: the row is the adults (25 and over) shrunk to 100 people, coloured by how far each went in school, least schooling on the left. The Wittgenstein Centre's count, 2020.

How far the world's people went in school

LUX · cities · 2025

Cities in Luxembourg

Luxembourg had 1 city in 2025, home to 156,021 people.

Luxembourg-Ville156,021

How to read this: the city in 2025, bars on one scale. A city is the whole built-up area on the UN's rule, not the city's own boundary.

All the world's cities

Apparatus

Sources and method

Every figure on this page comes from the UN's World Population Prospects 2024: the annual country tables (estimates to 2023, projections with 95% intervals from 2024), and the population by single year of age and sex for the pyramid.

The censuses, surveys and registers behind the UN's estimates for Luxembourg are listed, source by source, on the UN's own data sources page.

Sources: UN WPP 2024 · World Bank · UNHCR · country code lists · UN WUP 2025 · Wittgenstein Centre · WHO GHO · flag-icons · Natural Earth. Every source, its licence and how to cite it →

Checked before it was drawn

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries The pyramid for every year was checked against the published total. What that stamp counts, and what every page here has to pass before it can be built: how this site checks its figures.