The years each generation has lived

1. below −0.4
2. −0.4 to −0.2
3. −0.2 to 0
4. 0 to +0.2
5. +0.2 to +0.4
6. +0.4 to +0.6
7. +0.6 to +0.8
8. +0.8 to +1.0
9. +1.0 to +1.2
10. over +1.2
11. °C against 1951–1980: blue cooler, red warmer

How to read this: each column is one year, 1880 to 2025. Above the line, the world was warmer than its 1951–1980 average, and the column is red; below it, cooler, and the column is blue. The stronger the red, the warmer the year; the stronger the blue, the cooler — the same colours as every figure on this page.

The first twenty years of the record, 1880 to 1899, averaged −0.23 °C. The last ten averaged +1.01 °C. The eleven warmest years ever measured are the last eleven, 2015 to 2025; the warmest of all was 2024, at +1.28 °C.

Every temperature on this page is NASA's, compared with the world's average for 1951–1980. Other agencies compare with 1850–1900, a colder starting point, which makes their numbers larger; they describe the same warming.

Across: age, from 0 to 100. Down: the year of birth, oldest at the top. Everyone born below the line, in 1977 or later, has never lived through a year cooler than 1951–1980.

1. below −0.4
2. −0.4 to −0.2
3. −0.2 to 0
4. 0 to +0.2
5. +0.2 to +0.4
6. +0.4 to +0.6
7. +0.6 to +0.8
8. +0.8 to +1.0
9. +1.0 to +1.2
10. over +1.2
11. °C against 1951–1980: blue cooler, red warmer

How to read this: each row is the people born in one year. Find the year you were born and read along: each square is one year of your life, at age 0, 1, 2 and on to today. A red square is a year warmer than 1951–1980 — the stronger the red, the warmer; a blue square is a year cooler than it. The green bar at the end of each row is how many of those people are alive now.

Read down a column instead and you compare generations at the same age. People born in 1950 turned twenty in a year +0.03 °C compared with 1951–1980. People born in 1980 turned twenty in a year +0.39 °C, and people born in 2000 in a year +1.01 °C. Each generation meets a warmer world at the same age as the one before it.

The bars are the other half of the picture. The long rows near the bottom — the young — are most of the people alive: the middle person alive in 2025 is 31, born around 1994.

How to read this: each column is the air in one year, in parts of carbon dioxide per million parts of air, measured on Mauna Loa in Hawaii. The two lines are 350 and 400 parts per million.

A baby born in 2025 breathes air holding 427.35 parts per million of carbon dioxide. When the middle person alive today was born, around 1994, it held 358.96. When the measurements began in 1959, it held 315.98.

1. Born since the first measurement, 195990%
2. Born after the air passed 350, in 198858%
3. Born after it passed 400, in 201516%

How to read this: each bar is the share of everyone alive in 2025 who was born after that point.

The other 10 in every 100 were born into air nobody was yet measuring this way, so there is no figure for them here — the page does not guess one.

• tide gauges, 1880–2013 (thin line, pale band)
• satellites, 1993–2023 (thick dashed line)

How to read this: two ways of measuring the same sea, in centimetres above its level in 1880. The thin blue line is the older method, from tide gauges along the coasts, and the pale blue band is how sure it is. The thick dashed orange line is satellites. Where they overlap, 1993 to 2013, they agree.

By the older method the sea rose 22.6 cm between 1880 and 2013. By satellite it rose 9.9 cm between 1993 and 2023 — in thirty years, more than a third of what the older record shows over more than a century. The two records are never joined into one line: they measure in different ways, and the page keeps them apart.

This is the world's temperature, not any one country's — there is no country record this site may use. What changes from country to country is the age of the people. The question is the same everywhere: of the people living there in 2025, how many were born after the world's last cooler-than-average year, 1976?

How to read this: each tick is one of 236 countries. The further right, the more of its people were born in 1977 or later.

1. Central African Republic91.9%
2. Nigeria88.2%
3. India76.9%
4. United States61.2%
5. China59.4%
6. Germany51.8%
7. Italy48.2%
8. Japan45.9%

The Central African Republic: 92 people in every 100 have only known a world warmer than 1951–1980. Japan: fewer than half. What separates them is age, not weather. Japan is one of the oldest countries on Earth, the Central African Republic one of the youngest.

• No country temperatures. Every temperature here is the world average. The one country-by-country record that would do it, Berkeley Earth's, is not drawn on this site.
• No disasters. The detailed record of floods, storms and droughts that most sites draw from is EM-DAT's, and it is not drawn here. The largest earthquakes since 1900 are above; earthquakes as they happen are on Right now.
• No future. Nothing after 2025 is drawn. How much warmer it gets depends on choices nobody has made yet, and this site has no projection it may show.
• Starting points differ. NASA compares with 1951–1980; others compare with 1850–1900, which makes their numbers larger. The warming is the same.
• Measured, not modelled — except the older sea-level record, rebuilt from tide gauges, which is drawn with a band for how sure it is.
• Carbon dioxide only. Methane and the other gases that warm the world, and the carbon released when forests are cut or burned, are not in these figures.
• Where it is burned, not who uses it. A country's carbon dioxide counts what is burned inside it, including to make things sold abroad.
• No earthquake deaths. The catalogue records the shaking, not the harm it did.

Method: the people alive are the UN's estimate for the middle of 2025, by single year of age. Someone aged a then was born between the middle of 2024 − a and the middle of 2025 − a, so "born in 1977 or later" counts only the ages all of whose people were: 47 and under. The row for age 100 includes everyone older.

Sea level is converted from the inches the US EPA publishes (1 inch = 2.54 cm). The newest month of temperature and carbon dioxide is on Right now.

Method for carbon dioxide, forest and earthquakes: carbon dioxide is EDGAR's (the European Commission's Joint Research Centre), from fossil fuels and industry, in the World Bank's tables; forest is the UN Food and Agriculture Organization's, also through the Bank. "For each person" is our own division by the UN's count of everyone alive in the middle of the same year. The Bank's own per-person figure uses other counts; for the middle country the two agree to within 0.1%, but they differ by more than 10% for Albania, Moldova and Togo, where the Bank counts the people differently. Places with fewer than 100,000 people are not ranked: a few sell fuel to passing ships and planes, which makes their figure for each person meaningless. The table holds the 203 countries with a 2024 figure; 33 have none, Taiwan among them (the Bank keeps no row for it), so the world's total is larger than the countries' totals added up. Earthquakes are the US Geological Survey's catalogue, every event of magnitude 7 or more from 1900 to 2025; "born after it" uses the same ages as the rest of this page. Each World Bank figure's licence record was fetched with it and is checked on every build.

Sources: NASA GISTEMP · NOAA GML · US EPA sea level · UN WPP 2024 · World Bank · USGS · flag-icons. Every source, its licence and how to cite it →

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries