Country or area · Western Africa · Africa · UN WPP 2024

Niger population

Niger population now

29,036,348

A projection read at this second, not a count: the UN's totals for 1 January 2026 and 2027, joined by a straight line. 95% range for 31 December 2026: 28.8–29.7 million.

Mid-2023, UN estimate: 26,159,867

Year: 2026; projection · medium
Population, mid-2026: 28.8149 million; 95% range, 31 Dec: 28.8–29.7 million
Median age: 16.7
Aged 65+: 2.6%

Move through time, 1950–2100

2023 | 2024

male female projection · one cell = 10,000 people

How to read this: one row for each age, newborns at the bottom; men on the left, women on the right.

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries

NER · 1950–2100 · in brief

Niger in numbers

26,159,867 people lived in Niger in mid-2023: 0.32% of the world's people, and the 56th-largest population of the 236 countries and areas the UN reports. That is 10.1 times its 1950 population of 2.6 million.

In the UN's medium projection it is still growing in 2100, when it reaches 90.8 million. The projection is uncertain: on 1 January 2100 the UN's 95% range runs from 46.1 million to 200 million.

Births outnumber deaths in every year from 1950 to 2100, estimates and projection alike.

The median age was 15.0 in 1950 and 16.3 in 2023; the projection has 35.5 in 2100. 2.6% of people were 65 or older in 2023, against 12.9% projected for 2100. The working-age population (15–64) is still growing in 2100 in the medium projection.

Its place in the world by population: 56th in 2023, 38th in 2050, 27th in 2100. In the medium projection it overtakes Australia in 2024, North Korea in 2024 and Venezuela in 2026.

Population, mid-2023: 26,159,867
Rank by population, 2023: 56 of 236
Share of the world, 2023: 0.32%
Change in a year, mid-2022 to mid-2023: +3.35% · +847,894 people
People per km² of land, 2023: 21
Land area, 2023: 1,266,700 km²
Births, 2023: 1,095,892
Deaths, 2023: 231,746
Net migration, 2023: +995
Children per woman, 2023: 6.06
Median age, 2023: 16.3 years
Life expectancy at birth, 2023: 61.2 years
In a city, 2025: 23 of every 100
Population, mid-1950: 2,597,810
Projected, mid-2050: 52,513,876
Projected, mid-2100: 90,819,274

NER · 1950–2100 · total population

Population, 1950–2100

estimates | projections050 m100 m150 m200 m1950197520002025205020752100

estimate projection, up to the bottom of the 95% range 95% range medium projection. One column is one year's population, read on 1 January; the paper rules divide it into equal cells.

Show the numbers: Niger, 1950–2100

Niger: population on 1 January, births, deaths, fertility and life expectancy, 1950–2100
Year	Kind	Population, 1 Jan	95% range	Births	Deaths	Children per woman	Life expectancy
1950	estimate	2,554,389		152,302	72,124	7.56	35.9
1951	estimate	2,641,231		157,275	74,550	7.56	35.9
1952	estimate	2,728,277		162,208	77,038	7.56	35.9
1953	estimate	2,815,499		166,864	79,474	7.55	35.9
1954	estimate	2,902,884		171,710	81,878	7.55	36.0
1955	estimate	2,990,885		176,436	84,322	7.55	36.0
1956	estimate	3,079,693		181,084	86,613	7.54	36.0
1957	estimate	3,169,806		186,041	89,041	7.54	36.1
1958	estimate	3,261,874		191,277	91,652	7.54	36.1
1959	estimate	3,356,577		196,370	94,207	7.53	36.1
1960	estimate	3,454,334		201,935	96,855	7.53	36.2
1961	estimate	3,555,765		207,146	99,451	7.51	36.3
1962	estimate	3,660,560		212,625	102,347	7.50	36.3
1963	estimate	3,768,480		218,060	104,989	7.49	36.4
1964	estimate	3,879,266		223,395	108,010	7.48	36.5
1965	estimate	3,992,361		228,331	111,369	7.47	36.4
1966	estimate	4,107,030		234,194	114,883	7.48	36.3
1967	estimate	4,224,058		239,878	118,518	7.49	36.2
1968	estimate	4,343,122		245,658	122,357	7.50	36.1
1969	estimate	4,464,152		251,723	126,333	7.51	36.0
1970	estimate	4,587,298		258,466	130,284	7.51	35.9
1971	estimate	4,713,251		265,085	136,864	7.52	35.3
1972	estimate	4,839,199		272,112	138,296	7.52	35.8
1973	estimate	4,970,491		279,408	141,716	7.53	35.9
1974	estimate	5,105,240		287,224	144,619	7.54	36.2
1975	estimate	5,244,667		295,003	147,041	7.54	36.6
1976	estimate	5,389,371		303,242	148,751	7.56	37.1
1977	estimate	5,540,552		312,114	150,322	7.59	37.7
1978	estimate	5,698,880		323,929	152,316	7.66	38.3
1979	estimate	5,866,985		335,050	154,417	7.72	38.9
1980	estimate	6,044,126		346,930	157,678	7.78	39.3
1981	estimate	6,227,816		357,799	161,860	7.82	39.6
1982	estimate	6,416,196		368,492	166,482	7.86	39.8
1983	estimate	6,609,268		379,435	171,476	7.90	40.0
1984	estimate	6,808,019		390,266	177,158	7.92	40.0
1985	estimate	7,011,923		401,393	182,192	7.93	40.1
1986	estimate	7,224,991		411,513	187,150	7.90	40.3
1987	estimate	7,446,631		422,938	191,566	7.87	40.5
1988	estimate	7,675,668		432,376	195,076	7.84	40.8
1989	estimate	7,911,829		443,226	197,943	7.82	41.2
1990	estimate	8,157,732		456,507	199,913	7.81	41.7
1991	estimate	8,414,387		468,294	201,763	7.80	42.3
1992	estimate	8,679,414		480,770	202,079	7.79	43.1
1993	estimate	8,955,853		494,420	202,282	7.79	43.8
1994	estimate	9,245,725		508,498	202,472	7.79	44.6
1995	estimate	9,550,792		525,480	201,845	7.78	45.5
1996	estimate	9,878,265		543,243	202,019	7.78	46.3
1997	estimate	10,211,438		560,951	202,204	7.80	47.1
1998	estimate	10,556,501		579,936	202,815	7.84	47.8
1999	estimate	10,926,324		597,751	203,542	7.84	48.5
2000	estimate	11,308,498		614,503	203,720	7.83	49.2
2001	estimate	11,710,762		631,976	203,553	7.81	49.9
2002	estimate	12,130,533		649,336	202,561	7.80	50.6
2003	estimate	12,567,755		667,720	200,422	7.79	51.5
2004	estimate	13,026,213		686,849	198,528	7.78	52.4
2005	estimate	13,505,460		707,304	196,141	7.77	53.3
2006	estimate	14,006,923		727,220	193,858	7.74	54.2
2007	estimate	14,530,239		748,968	192,158	7.73	55.1
2008	estimate	15,076,980		770,730	191,017	7.70	55.9
2009	estimate	15,646,849		794,002	191,323	7.68	56.5
2010	estimate	16,240,502		816,735	192,043	7.64	57.1
2011	estimate	16,857,167		838,594	193,422	7.59	57.6
2012	estimate	17,495,399		860,043	196,021	7.53	58.0
2013	estimate	18,178,140		885,168	199,105	7.45	58.4
2014	estimate	18,861,657		906,992	202,373	7.34	58.7
2015	estimate	19,570,161		928,715	207,095	7.21	58.9
2016	estimate	20,308,835		949,088	210,082	7.04	59.2
2017	estimate	21,062,672		965,813	213,439	6.87	59.5
2018	estimate	21,808,221		980,292	216,762	6.71	59.8
2019	estimate	22,567,917		995,141	219,687	6.54	60.0
2020	estimate	23,327,598		1,010,377	225,945	6.37	59.9
2021	estimate	24,107,629		1,027,422	233,995	6.20	59.5
2022	estimate	24,896,651		1,061,832	232,184	6.13	60.4
2023	estimate	25,727,295		1,095,892	231,746	6.06	61.2
2024	estimate	26,592,439		1,119,695	235,707	5.93	61.4
2025	projection	27,472,386	27.3–27.6 million	1,138,168	239,566	5.79	61.7
2026	projection	28,363,276	28.1–28.6 million	1,157,021	243,202	5.64	61.9
2027	projection	29,266,480	28.8–29.7 million	1,172,912	246,410	5.49	62.1
2028	projection	30,180,913	29.5–30.8 million	1,188,297	249,515	5.35	62.3
2029	projection	31,106,212	30.2–31.9 million	1,205,973	252,757	5.22	62.6
2030	projection	32,043,977	30.9–33.0 million	1,220,547	255,773	5.08	62.8
2031	projection	32,992,173	31.5–34.2 million	1,230,763	258,804	4.93	63.0
2032	projection	33,947,062	32.2–35.4 million	1,243,487	261,934	4.80	63.2
2033	projection	34,910,216	32.8–36.7 million	1,258,844	265,105	4.69	63.4
2034	projection	35,883,858	33.3–38.0 million	1,264,320	267,907	4.55	63.6
2035	projection	36,860,911	33.9–39.3 million	1,276,278	271,000	4.44	63.8
2036	projection	37,846,015	34.5–40.7 million	1,283,240	274,221	4.32	64.0
2037	projection	38,834,275	35.0–42.0 million	1,289,856	277,175	4.21	64.2
2038	projection	39,826,477	35.5–43.5 million	1,295,052	280,270	4.10	64.4
2039	projection	40,820,464	36.1–45.0 million	1,302,174	283,406	4.00	64.6
2040	projection	41,816,359	36.6–46.5 million	1,310,439	286,859	3.91	64.8
2041	projection	42,817,122	37.1–48.0 million	1,316,866	290,372	3.82	65.0
2042	projection	43,821,355	37.6–49.5 million	1,325,858	294,078	3.74	65.2
2043	projection	44,830,890	38.1–51.1 million	1,334,171	298,004	3.66	65.3
2044	projection	45,843,620	38.5–52.7 million	1,343,907	302,203	3.59	65.5
2045	projection	46,862,703	39.0–54.4 million	1,352,950	306,462	3.53	65.7
2046	projection	47,885,531	39.5–56.0 million	1,359,413	311,068	3.46	65.8
2047	projection	48,910,470	40.0–57.8 million	1,366,311	315,722	3.39	66.0
2048	projection	49,937,243	40.4–59.5 million	1,374,560	320,604	3.33	66.2
2049	projection	50,967,165	40.9–61.4 million	1,381,221	325,625	3.28	66.3
2050	projection	51,997,967	41.4–63.3 million	1,387,660	330,521	3.22	66.5
2051	projection	53,029,785	41.8–65.1 million	1,395,001	335,624	3.17	66.7
2052	projection	54,064,075	42.3–67.0 million	1,400,842	341,582	3.12	66.8
2053	projection	55,095,736	42.8–68.9 million	1,406,154	347,557	3.08	67.0
2054	projection	56,128,115	43.3–71.1 million	1,410,178	353,540	3.03	67.1
2055	projection	57,157,699	43.7–73.1 million	1,412,213	359,844	2.98	67.3
2056	projection	58,183,198	44.2–75.3 million	1,413,768	366,311	2.93	67.4
2057	projection	59,201,502	44.6–77.3 million	1,416,513	372,707	2.89	67.6
2058	projection	60,216,887	45.0–79.5 million	1,417,191	380,241	2.85	67.7
2059	projection	61,226,496	45.5–81.7 million	1,417,667	387,688	2.81	67.9
2060	projection	62,227,611	45.8–83.9 million	1,418,379	395,471	2.77	68.0
2061	projection	63,221,058	46.1–86.1 million	1,418,746	403,608	2.74	68.2
2062	projection	64,208,267	46.4–88.2 million	1,418,009	412,022	2.70	68.3
2063	projection	65,185,915	46.7–90.6 million	1,418,112	420,753	2.67	68.4
2064	projection	66,153,522	46.9–93.1 million	1,417,214	429,669	2.64	68.6
2065	projection	67,111,237	47.1–95.5 million	1,414,922	438,945	2.61	68.7
2066	projection	68,055,642	47.4–97.9 million	1,414,361	448,390	2.58	68.8
2067	projection	68,992,373	47.7–100.4 million	1,411,842	458,395	2.55	69.0
2068	projection	69,916,942	47.9–103.1 million	1,409,094	468,517	2.52	69.1
2069	projection	70,827,396	48.1–105.6 million	1,407,515	479,272	2.50	69.2
2070	projection	71,725,478	48.3–108.1 million	1,404,489	490,810	2.47	69.4
2071	projection	72,607,304	48.4–110.6 million	1,401,030	502,154	2.44	69.5
2072	projection	73,476,049	48.4–113.2 million	1,399,846	514,280	2.42	69.6
2073	projection	74,330,472	48.6–116.0 million	1,397,420	526,785	2.40	69.7
2074	projection	75,169,109	48.6–118.9 million	1,394,583	539,417	2.38	69.9
2075	projection	75,991,349	48.7–121.8 million	1,392,451	552,474	2.36	70.0
2076	projection	76,800,507	48.6–124.9 million	1,389,329	565,695	2.33	70.1
2077	projection	77,593,959	48.6–127.8 million	1,386,273	579,329	2.31	70.2
2078	projection	78,368,596	48.6–130.4 million	1,382,160	593,087	2.29	70.4
2079	projection	79,126,082	48.7–132.9 million	1,379,095	606,740	2.27	70.5
2080	projection	79,864,815	48.7–136.4 million	1,377,076	620,870	2.26	70.6
2081	projection	80,589,120	48.7–139.4 million	1,372,753	635,404	2.24	70.8
2082	projection	81,293,199	48.7–142.0 million	1,369,761	649,356	2.23	70.9
2083	projection	81,981,497	48.5–145.0 million	1,365,209	664,323	2.21	71.0
2084	projection	82,649,925	48.3–147.9 million	1,359,641	679,401	2.19	71.1
2085	projection	83,297,626	48.3–151.3 million	1,354,702	694,132	2.17	71.3
2086	projection	83,925,018	48.2–154.5 million	1,348,991	709,035	2.16	71.4
2087	projection	84,530,515	48.4–157.4 million	1,344,739	724,121	2.14	71.5
2088	projection	85,117,415	48.2–160.7 million	1,339,386	738,423	2.13	71.6
2089	projection	85,686,097	48.0–163.2 million	1,334,863	752,722	2.12	71.8
2090	projection	86,233,914	47.9–165.8 million	1,331,385	767,661	2.11	71.9
2091	projection	86,762,464	47.8–169.7 million	1,327,014	782,400	2.10	72.0
2092	projection	87,272,192	47.7–172.8 million	1,322,776	795,863	2.09	72.1
2093	projection	87,763,272	47.5–176.1 million	1,317,034	810,025	2.08	72.2
2094	projection	88,234,360	47.5–179.1 million	1,310,500	824,081	2.06	72.3
2095	projection	88,683,494	47.0–183.0 million	1,305,195	836,969	2.06	72.5
2096	projection	89,115,255	46.9–186.3 million	1,299,186	850,052	2.04	72.6
2097	projection	89,527,877	46.9–189.2 million	1,291,798	863,396	2.03	72.7
2098	projection	89,922,084	46.6–193.1 million	1,285,848	875,976	2.02	72.8
2099	projection	90,294,799	46.4–196.4 million	1,280,945	888,240	2.02	72.9
2100	projection	90,649,996	46.1–199.7 million	1,275,623	900,176	2.01	73.1

Show the numbers: Niger, mid-2026, by single year of age

Niger: population by single year of age, mid-2026
Age	Male	Female
0	555,449	537,308
1	529,926	514,333
2	508,336	493,768
3	489,228	474,565
4	469,733	455,557
5	455,492	441,694
6	447,012	432,806
7	438,946	424,720
8	431,248	417,047
9	423,286	409,194
10	414,155	400,270
11	403,888	390,263
12	393,210	379,826
13	381,770	368,642
14	370,296	357,372
15	359,302	346,499
16	347,708	335,176
17	335,366	323,298
18	322,815	311,280
19	310,271	299,211
20	297,859	287,212
21	285,574	275,288
22	273,474	263,414
23	261,791	252,014
24	250,464	241,174
25	239,507	230,730
26	228,968	220,527
27	218,694	210,319
28	208,262	199,918
29	197,999	189,907
30	188,117	180,440
31	178,510	171,308
32	169,724	162,857
33	161,726	155,061
34	154,216	147,736
35	147,291	141,024
36	140,594	134,577
37	134,465	128,643
38	129,340	123,660
39	124,528	118,956
40	119,969	114,492
41	115,744	110,352
42	111,644	106,339
43	107,726	102,505
44	103,905	98,746
45	100,058	95,035
46	95,940	91,182
47	91,673	87,256
48	87,294	83,239
49	83,114	79,426
50	79,348	76,063
51	75,694	72,900
52	72,136	69,898
53	68,793	67,050
54	65,703	64,337
55	62,825	61,774
56	60,102	59,332
57	57,510	56,996
58	55,055	54,764
59	52,626	52,553
60	50,158	50,322
61	47,738	48,164
62	45,344	46,041
63	42,879	43,817
64	40,377	41,526
65	37,885	39,222
66	35,394	36,896
67	32,936	34,579
68	30,535	32,292
69	28,178	30,023
70	25,904	27,819
71	23,685	25,640
72	21,498	23,456
73	19,370	21,310
74	17,295	19,210
75	15,282	17,150
76	13,262	15,048
77	11,401	13,100
78	9,201	12,035
79	7,460	11,091
80	6,472	9,618
81	5,409	8,066
82	4,387	6,584
83	3,461	5,246
84	2,660	4,095
85	2,002	3,137
86	1,474	2,353
87	1,050	1,721
88	722	1,223
89	479	838
90	306	553
91	186	352
92	109	215
93	60	127
94	32	72
95	17	39
96	8	20
97	4	10
98	2	5
99	1	2
100+	0	1

NER · 1950–2100 · every age, every year

Niger, every age in every year

Each column is a year and each row an age; the denser the ink in a cell, the more people. Everyone born in the same year climbs one 45° diagonal, so famines, baby booms and migration show up as streaks. Select a cell to follow its generation.

NER · ages 15–64

Who does the work in Niger

In Niger the number of people aged 15–64 is still growing in 2100, the last year the UN projects. In 2023 there were 13,201,100 of them.

100 aged 15–64

93 children

5 aged 65+

aged 15–64 children under 15 aged 65 and over

How to read this: the orange squares are 100 people aged 15–64 in 2023, and the rows below are how many children (teal) and how many people aged 65 or older (violet) lived alongside them.

Fewer than 50 dependants live alongside every 100 people aged 15–64 in 19 years: 2074–2092.

fewer than 50 dependants per 100 the same, projected 50 or more

How to read this: 1950 on the left, 2100 on the right; coloured in the years with fewer than 50 dependants per 100 working-age people, grey in the rest, hatched where that is a projection.

How every country compares

NER · arrivals minus departures

Who arrives in Niger, and who leaves

In 2020–2025 Niger loses 2,503 people a year: everyone who arrives, minus everyone who leaves. The age at which that happens most is 20–24, at 1,349 a year more leaving than arriving.

one square = 200 people a year

020406080+

more arrive than leave more leave than arrive

How to read this: left to right is age, from babies to 100. Blue squares above the line are ages at which more people arrive than leave; orange squares below it, ages at which more leave than arrive. These are the UN's projection for 2020–2025. There is no record of migration by age before 2020.

In the years that were counted, 1950–2023, the most it gained in one year was 18,714 (2012) and the most it lost was 15,778 (2019).

In 2024, 449,236 people living in Niger had been born in another country, 2 of every 100 people there, against 1 in 1990.

How migration works everywhere

NER · births by the mother's age · 1950–2100

Who has the babies in Niger

Of every 100 babies born in Niger in 2023, 20 had a mother under 20, 66 a mother aged 20 to 34 and 14 a mother aged 35 or older. In 1950 it was 23 under 20 and 16 aged 35 or older.

1950
23 · 61 · 16

2023
20 · 66 · 14

2050 · projected
13 · 72 · 15

The mother's age: under 20 20 to 34 35 or older projected

How to read this: each block is 100 babies born in that year, one square each, coloured by how old the mother was. The numbers under a block are the three groups, youngest mothers first.

Babies born, 2023: 1,095,892
Average age when women have a baby: 29.1 years; 29.0 in 1950
Babies a year per 1,000 girls aged 15–19: 145; 209 in 1950

Babies by the mother's age, 1950–2100

Babies born in Niger by the mother's age
Mother's age	1950	1975	2000	2023	2050 projected	2100 projected
10–14	3,460	7,217	12,911	6,113	1,303	202
15–19	31,161	58,162	119,131	210,684	173,798	63,273
20–24	37,889	68,850	155,065	309,753	363,222	230,278
25–29	31,365	59,287	126,991	247,565	357,403	368,540
30–34	24,456	51,258	99,105	170,792	278,381	362,760
35–39	15,347	31,503	66,284	96,296	135,220	170,817
40–44	6,895	14,891	26,735	41,495	59,758	65,815
45–49	1,645	3,652	7,884	12,549	17,642	13,443
50–54	84	183	397	645	933	495
All babies	152,302	295,003	614,503	1,095,892	1,387,660	1,275,623

The UN's births for each year, split by the mother's age in the UN's own proportions.

NER · healthy years · 2021

Years in good health in Niger

Of the 60.0 years a baby born in Niger in 2021 could expect, about 52.6 would be lived in full health (95% range 51.4–53.6). The years in less than full health come to 7.4, below the world's 9.5: shorter lives leave fewer years in which to be ill.

Women

52.4 in full health, 8.5 not: 60.9 years

Men

52.8 in full health, 6.2 not: 59.0 years

a year in full health a year in less than full health

How to read this: each square is a year of life, each row ten years; filled squares are years in full health, rounded to whole years.

Women: 52.4 healthy years of 60.9. Men: 52.8 of 59.0. In 2019, before the pandemic, the healthy years were 53.2.

NER · forced from home · end of 2025

Displacement in Niger

At the end of 2025, 459,585 people were displaced inside Niger, about 16 of every 1,000 people living there.

hosted from abroad435,990
displaced inside it459,585
Niger nationals abroad107,253

stayed inside their own country crossed a border

How to read this: each square is 10,000 people, so the rows can be compared with one another. The last row is people from Niger living in another country, wherever they are.

In 2025, 10,034 people asked for asylum in Niger for the first time; 24,206 people from Niger asked for asylum in another country. Of every 100 people from Niger whose claims were decided that year, 92 were given protection. Who asks for asylum, and who is given it

How the world's displacement is counted

NER · of every 100 people

How people live in Niger

Of every 100 people in Niger in 2025, 23 lived in a city, 29 in a town or suburb and 48 in the countryside.

cities towns and suburbs rural areas

78.7 of every 100 have no electricity at home (2024). 84.4 of every 100 do not use the internet (2024).

How to read this: 100 squares, one for every 100th person, coloured by where they live, as the key says. The same rule is used in every country.

How the world's people live

NER · adults 25 and over · 2020

How far people in Niger went in school

Of every 100 adults in Niger in 2020, 75 never went to school and 3 finished upper secondary or went further.

75 never went to school 11 some primary 8 finished primary 3 finished lower secondary 1 finished upper secondary 2 studied after school

Among women, 69.2 of every 100 aged 25–29 never went to school, against 96.1 of every 100 aged 60–64; among men, 46.1 against 84.2.

Its people aged 15 to 64 are still growing in 2100 in the middle projection.

How to read this: every adult here as one of 100 squares. The stronger the colour, the further that person went in school (the Wittgenstein Centre, 2020).

How far the world's people went in school

NER · cities · 2025

Cities in Niger

Niger had 35 cities in 2025, home to 6.5 million people. The largest, Niamey, holds 5 of every 100 people in Niger.

Niamey1,401,149
Zinder740,218
Maradi666,205
Tahoua342,253
Agadez335,322
Dosso238,280
Abalak170,052
Birni N'Konni163,662
Tessaoua161,611
Madaoua156,053

How to read this: one bar for each of the 10 largest cities, 2025, all on the same scale. "City" here means the built-up area the UN measures, not the boundary the city draws itself.

All the world's cities

Apparatus

Sources and method

Every figure on this page comes from the UN's World Population Prospects 2024: the annual country tables (estimates to 2023, projections with 95% intervals from 2024), and the population by single year of age and sex for the pyramid.

The censuses, surveys and registers behind the UN's estimates for Niger are listed, source by source, on the UN's own data sources page.

Sources: UN WPP 2024 · World Bank · UNHCR · country code lists · UN WUP 2025 · Wittgenstein Centre · WHO GHO · flag-icons · Natural Earth. Every source, its licence and how to cite it →

Checked before it was drawn

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries The pyramid for every year was checked against the published total. What that stamp counts, and what every page here has to pass before it can be built: how this site checks its figures.