Country or area · Western Africa · Africa · UN WPP 2024

Mali population

Mali population now

26,113,470

A projection read at this second, not a count: the UN's totals for 1 January 2026 and 2027, joined by a straight line. 95% range for 31 December 2026: 25.7–26.9 million.

Mid-2023, UN estimate: 23,769,128

Year: 2026; projection · medium
Population, mid-2026: 25.9323 million; 95% range, 31 Dec: 25.7–26.9 million
Median age: 16.9
Aged 65+: 2.3%

Move through time, 1950–2100

2023 | 2024

male female projection · one cell = 10,000 people

How to read this: one row for each age, newborns at the bottom; men on the left, women on the right.

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries

MLI · 1950–2100 · in brief

Mali in numbers

Mali had 23,769,128 people in mid-2023, the 57th-largest population of the 236 countries and areas the UN reports, and 0.29% of the world's people. That is 5.1 times its 1950 population of 4.7 million.

In the UN's medium projection it is still growing in 2100, when it reaches 79.4 million. The projection is uncertain: on 1 January 2100 the UN's 95% range runs from 37.7 million to 212 million.

Births outnumber deaths in every year from 1950 to 2100, estimates and projection alike.

The median age was 20.5 in 1950 and 16.5 in 2023; the projection has 33.8 in 2100. 2.4% of people were 65 or older in 2023, against 11.3% projected for 2100. The working-age population (15–64) is still growing in 2100 in the medium projection.

Among countries it ranks 57th in 2023, 45th in 2050 and 31st in 2100. In the medium projection it overtakes North Korea in 2028, Australia in 2029 and Venezuela in 2031. It is overtaken by Syria in 2024.

Population, mid-2023: 23,769,128
Rank by population, 2023: 57 of 236
Share of the world, 2023: 0.29%
Change in a year, mid-2022 to mid-2023: +3.02% · +696,488 people
People per km² of land, 2023: 19
Land area, 2023: 1,220,190 km²
Births, 2023: 951,445
Deaths, 2023: 205,047
Net migration, 2023: −39,953
Children per woman, 2023: 5.61
Median age, 2023: 16.5 years
Life expectancy at birth, 2023: 60.4 years
In a city, 2025: 27 of every 100
Population, mid-1950: 4,696,911
Projected, mid-2050: 46,154,079
Projected, mid-2100: 79,354,048

MLI · 1950–2100 · total population

Population, 1950–2100

estimates | projections050 m100 m150 m200 m250 m1950197520002025205020752100

estimate projection, up to the bottom of the 95% range 95% range medium projection. One column is one year's population, read on 1 January; the paper rules divide it into equal cells.

Show the numbers: Mali, 1950–2100

Mali: population on 1 January, births, deaths, fertility and life expectancy, 1950–2100
Year	Kind	Population, 1 Jan	95% range	Births	Deaths	Children per woman	Life expectancy
1950	estimate	4,662,163		244,036	170,858	6.87	28.7
1951	estimate	4,731,659		246,915	172,521	6.89	28.9
1952	estimate	4,801,743		249,386	174,036	6.91	29.1
1953	estimate	4,870,983		251,954	175,029	6.92	29.4
1954	estimate	4,938,617		254,393	176,664	6.94	29.5
1955	estimate	5,007,203		257,102	177,820	6.95	29.7
1956	estimate	5,076,664		260,234	179,141	6.97	29.9
1957	estimate	5,147,288		263,476	180,275	6.99	30.1
1958	estimate	5,218,972		266,816	181,979	7.00	30.2
1959	estimate	5,287,965		270,200	183,590	7.01	30.3
1960	estimate	5,363,312		274,365	185,562	7.02	30.5
1961	estimate	5,441,788		278,452	187,337	7.03	30.6
1962	estimate	5,522,778		282,147	189,047	7.04	30.8
1963	estimate	5,605,056		285,870	190,816	7.05	31.0
1964	estimate	5,688,154		289,582	192,416	7.05	31.2
1965	estimate	5,772,096		293,961	193,512	7.08	31.5
1966	estimate	5,858,878		298,673	194,993	7.11	31.8
1967	estimate	5,945,531		303,204	195,554	7.14	32.2
1968	estimate	6,036,281		307,876	196,473	7.16	32.6
1969	estimate	6,129,676		312,171	197,808	7.17	32.9
1970	estimate	6,225,732		316,615	197,665	7.18	33.4
1971	estimate	6,327,212		321,998	198,404	7.20	33.8
1972	estimate	6,428,676		326,916	197,226	7.22	34.5
1973	estimate	6,538,776		332,846	197,041	7.22	35.1
1974	estimate	6,655,437		338,885	196,442	7.23	35.8
1975	estimate	6,775,436		345,679	195,459	7.25	36.5
1976	estimate	6,899,086		352,416	194,636	7.27	37.2
1977	estimate	7,022,871		358,320	193,254	7.30	38.0
1978	estimate	7,159,086		364,684	192,031	7.32	38.8
1979	estimate	7,300,217		373,643	191,199	7.35	39.5
1980	estimate	7,450,314		380,828	190,264	7.37	40.3
1981	estimate	7,610,715		387,778	189,553	7.37	41.0
1982	estimate	7,774,816		392,768	187,876	7.32	41.8
1983	estimate	7,945,573		396,998	185,203	7.28	42.8
1984	estimate	8,123,228		402,294	184,221	7.26	43.4
1985	estimate	8,293,969		408,575	183,841	7.26	43.9
1986	estimate	8,455,357		416,176	182,374	7.31	44.6
1987	estimate	8,607,197		419,926	181,055	7.31	45.2
1988	estimate	8,755,131		426,018	180,342	7.32	45.7
1989	estimate	8,912,862		429,278	179,354	7.33	46.2
1990	estimate	9,087,013		431,832	179,531	7.31	46.5
1991	estimate	9,270,647		441,636	179,985	7.28	46.9
1992	estimate	9,455,130		447,972	180,368	7.24	47.2
1993	estimate	9,651,951		455,341	180,862	7.18	47.6
1994	estimate	9,857,621		463,915	181,559	7.12	47.9
1995	estimate	10,076,442		467,295	181,697	7.05	48.3
1996	estimate	10,294,289		476,977	183,027	7.01	48.5
1997	estimate	10,520,267		490,696	182,267	6.97	49.1
1998	estimate	10,772,723		506,629	182,687	6.94	49.6
1999	estimate	11,066,423		527,874	184,177	6.91	50.1
2000	estimate	11,388,406		544,335	185,184	6.89	50.6
2001	estimate	11,730,175		561,537	185,062	6.85	51.3
2002	estimate	12,094,141		581,816	185,079	6.82	52.0
2003	estimate	12,481,959		603,368	185,609	6.78	52.6
2004	estimate	12,887,951		625,950	186,240	6.74	53.3
2005	estimate	13,316,867		648,384	187,413	6.71	53.8
2006	estimate	13,760,428		665,964	188,295	6.68	54.3
2007	estimate	14,219,851		685,214	189,415	6.65	54.8
2008	estimate	14,695,700		705,248	190,582	6.62	55.2
2009	estimate	15,185,865		725,696	191,969	6.59	55.6
2010	estimate	15,685,212		747,705	193,248	6.58	56.0
2011	estimate	16,205,184		765,429	194,540	6.54	56.4
2012	estimate	16,732,913		784,755	196,006	6.52	56.7
2013	estimate	17,181,152		793,729	195,851	6.49	57.0
2014	estimate	17,738,078		810,613	196,180	6.44	57.5
2015	estimate	18,302,455		826,908	196,906	6.38	57.9
2016	estimate	18,883,589		842,699	197,047	6.32	58.3
2017	estimate	19,498,990		860,760	198,781	6.25	58.6
2018	estimate	20,127,031		870,518	199,803	6.12	58.9
2019	estimate	20,757,028		866,734	199,616	5.89	59.2
2020	estimate	21,379,781		889,380	206,314	5.85	58.9
2021	estimate	22,047,890		911,381	207,692	5.78	59.1
2022	estimate	22,729,371		930,870	204,390	5.69	60.0
2023	estimate	23,415,909		951,445	205,047	5.61	60.4
2024	estimate	24,122,346		967,695	208,323	5.51	60.7
2025	projection	24,834,845	24.6–25.0 million	987,043	211,065	5.42	60.9
2026	projection	25,562,798	25.2–25.9 million	1,005,407	213,845	5.33	61.1
2027	projection	26,301,752	25.7–26.9 million	1,024,663	216,918	5.24	61.3
2028	projection	27,056,587	26.1–27.8 million	1,045,172	220,017	5.15	61.5
2029	projection	27,824,634	26.6–28.9 million	1,065,256	223,095	5.07	61.7
2030	projection	28,606,389	27.1–29.9 million	1,081,148	226,154	4.96	61.9
2031	projection	29,399,341	27.6–31.0 million	1,100,180	229,358	4.88	62.1
2032	projection	30,209,736	28.0–32.1 million	1,116,377	232,625	4.78	62.3
2033	projection	31,028,041	28.5–33.3 million	1,134,421	235,932	4.70	62.5
2034	projection	31,857,552	29.0–34.6 million	1,146,652	238,865	4.60	62.7
2035	projection	32,695,800	29.4–35.9 million	1,156,068	241,829	4.49	62.9
2036	projection	33,540,890	29.8–37.2 million	1,170,747	245,287	4.41	63.0
2037	projection	34,394,887	30.2–38.6 million	1,180,421	248,527	4.32	63.2
2038	projection	35,252,013	30.7–40.1 million	1,192,526	252,042	4.24	63.4
2039	projection	36,119,135	31.0–41.5 million	1,197,495	255,520	4.14	63.6
2040	projection	36,979,830	31.5–43.0 million	1,205,462	259,125	4.05	63.8
2041	projection	37,847,456	31.8–44.5 million	1,214,290	262,860	3.97	64.0
2042	projection	38,714,276	32.2–46.1 million	1,221,748	266,696	3.89	64.1
2043	projection	39,588,281	32.7–47.6 million	1,230,642	270,818	3.82	64.3
2044	projection	40,464,366	33.0–49.3 million	1,238,672	275,268	3.75	64.5
2045	projection	41,340,640	33.5–50.9 million	1,246,474	279,806	3.69	64.6
2046	projection	42,217,323	33.8–52.7 million	1,252,150	284,436	3.62	64.8
2047	projection	43,093,967	34.1–54.5 million	1,257,703	289,496	3.55	64.9
2048	projection	43,967,741	34.4–56.2 million	1,263,446	294,683	3.49	65.1
2049	projection	44,843,698	34.6–58.1 million	1,268,103	300,287	3.42	65.2
2050	projection	45,715,849	34.9–60.3 million	1,273,182	305,619	3.37	65.4
2051	projection	46,592,309	35.1–62.2 million	1,278,192	311,263	3.31	65.5
2052	projection	47,466,179	35.4–64.0 million	1,284,467	317,277	3.26	65.7
2053	projection	48,339,993	35.6–65.7 million	1,288,937	323,376	3.20	65.8
2054	projection	49,209,341	36.0–67.6 million	1,293,081	329,193	3.15	66.0
2055	projection	50,073,630	36.2–69.9 million	1,297,611	335,456	3.11	66.1
2056	projection	50,939,610	36.5–72.1 million	1,303,041	341,839	3.06	66.2
2057	projection	51,800,506	36.7–74.1 million	1,307,313	348,305	3.02	66.4
2058	projection	52,660,006	37.0–76.3 million	1,309,891	354,931	2.98	66.5
2059	projection	53,514,213	37.3–78.8 million	1,312,422	361,750	2.94	66.6
2060	projection	54,363,477	37.4–81.3 million	1,314,602	368,295	2.90	66.8
2061	projection	55,211,462	37.6–83.7 million	1,316,919	375,332	2.86	66.9
2062	projection	56,052,307	37.8–86.0 million	1,320,687	382,711	2.83	67.0
2063	projection	56,887,175	38.0–88.3 million	1,321,910	389,930	2.79	67.1
2064	projection	57,714,905	38.2–91.0 million	1,322,932	396,874	2.76	67.3
2065	projection	58,536,109	38.2–93.3 million	1,323,192	404,188	2.72	67.4
2066	projection	59,346,064	38.5–95.9 million	1,323,758	411,932	2.69	67.5
2067	projection	60,154,195	38.6–98.4 million	1,324,515	419,340	2.67	67.7
2068	projection	60,956,794	38.7–101.4 million	1,323,178	427,184	2.63	67.8
2069	projection	61,752,093	38.8–104.2 million	1,321,580	435,301	2.61	67.9
2070	projection	62,534,106	38.8–106.6 million	1,320,762	443,601	2.58	68.0
2071	projection	63,304,814	38.9–109.1 million	1,318,769	451,991	2.56	68.2
2072	projection	64,070,705	39.0–112.2 million	1,315,591	460,743	2.53	68.3
2073	projection	64,818,765	38.9–115.7 million	1,313,441	470,353	2.50	68.4
2074	projection	65,555,306	38.9–118.9 million	1,309,834	479,855	2.48	68.5
2075	projection	66,277,748	38.9–122.1 million	1,307,407	489,835	2.46	68.7
2076	projection	66,983,336	39.0–125.6 million	1,305,039	500,110	2.44	68.8
2077	projection	67,676,279	39.1–128.8 million	1,301,414	510,387	2.42	68.9
2078	projection	68,357,683	39.3–133.4 million	1,299,270	521,052	2.40	69.0
2079	projection	69,025,233	39.2–136.4 million	1,295,940	532,163	2.38	69.1
2080	projection	69,678,184	39.4–140.5 million	1,292,501	543,405	2.36	69.2
2081	projection	70,310,167	39.4–143.9 million	1,288,269	554,955	2.34	69.4
2082	projection	70,936,091	39.4–146.5 million	1,285,908	566,677	2.32	69.5
2083	projection	71,540,192	39.3–149.2 million	1,281,410	578,618	2.31	69.6
2084	projection	72,132,655	39.2–152.8 million	1,277,992	590,810	2.29	69.7
2085	projection	72,704,434	39.1–156.7 million	1,274,340	602,613	2.27	69.8
2086	projection	73,257,955	39.1–160.4 million	1,271,020	614,794	2.26	69.9
2087	projection	73,793,065	39.2–164.5 million	1,265,669	626,904	2.24	70.1
2088	projection	74,315,847	39.3–168.1 million	1,261,999	639,265	2.23	70.2
2089	projection	74,819,584	39.2–171.1 million	1,258,362	651,387	2.22	70.3
2090	projection	75,305,926	39.2–176.0 million	1,253,481	663,277	2.20	70.4
2091	projection	75,773,790	39.0–179.3 million	1,248,389	675,576	2.19	70.5
2092	projection	76,220,914	38.8–183.5 million	1,241,845	687,264	2.17	70.6
2093	projection	76,648,303	38.6–186.6 million	1,237,578	698,797	2.16	70.7
2094	projection	77,063,174	38.3–191.7 million	1,232,476	709,970	2.15	70.8
2095	projection	77,467,103	38.4–196.3 million	1,226,174	721,665	2.14	71.0
2096	projection	77,846,960	38.4–199.2 million	1,220,738	733,181	2.13	71.1
2097	projection	78,208,359	38.4–202.5 million	1,214,924	744,449	2.12	71.2
2098	projection	78,552,883	38.1–206.8 million	1,208,019	755,635	2.10	71.3
2099	projection	78,886,947	37.9–210.0 million	1,203,106	766,309	2.09	71.4
2100	projection	79,202,005	37.7–212.0 million	1,197,468	776,536	2.08	71.5

Show the numbers: Mali, mid-2026, by single year of age

Mali: population by single year of age, mid-2026
Age	Male	Female
0	480,366	469,126
1	459,976	451,458
2	445,459	437,646
3	432,835	424,896
4	420,674	412,542
5	408,818	400,624
6	396,432	388,216
7	389,974	381,613
8	386,494	378,143
9	378,168	370,105
10	368,558	360,746
11	359,428	351,657
12	350,169	342,344
13	342,146	334,311
14	333,636	325,760
15	323,564	315,738
16	312,761	305,082
17	301,102	293,737
18	289,630	282,639
19	278,361	271,494
20	267,524	260,762
21	255,930	249,511
22	243,444	237,421
23	231,384	225,695
24	219,988	214,535
25	209,590	204,297
26	200,014	194,835
27	189,704	184,663
28	179,492	174,628
29	170,770	165,994
30	163,306	158,715
31	157,840	153,600
32	152,767	148,844
33	147,230	143,526
34	142,346	138,765
35	137,262	133,766
36	133,046	129,535
37	130,068	126,454
38	126,577	122,827
39	123,082	119,225
40	119,354	115,556
41	115,262	111,593
42	111,545	108,052
43	108,048	104,808
44	104,487	101,520
45	100,414	97,760
46	95,858	93,574
47	90,890	88,928
48	86,001	84,242
49	81,517	79,860
50	76,948	75,392
51	72,236	70,854
52	67,626	66,472
53	63,167	62,304
54	58,902	58,386
55	54,844	54,692
56	51,037	51,258
57	47,554	48,148
58	44,279	45,206
59	41,234	42,435
60	38,430	39,863
61	35,835	37,490
62	33,504	35,385
63	31,404	33,490
64	29,451	31,719
65	27,584	30,009
66	25,769	28,330
67	24,076	26,754
68	22,496	25,264
69	20,952	23,804
70	19,433	22,339
71	17,952	20,870
72	16,505	19,412
73	15,067	17,938
74	13,644	16,450
75	12,218	14,938
76	10,650	13,120
77	9,305	11,551
78	8,374	10,574
79	7,228	9,326
80	5,994	7,896
81	5,044	6,740
82	4,248	5,725
83	3,460	4,704
84	2,715	3,726
85	2,050	2,845
86	1,475	2,068
87	1,031	1,468
88	714	1,043
89	480	724
90	311	486
91	192	314
92	114	194
93	64	116
94	34	66
95	16	35
96	7	18
97	2	8
98	0	3
99	0	1
100+	0	0

MLI · 1950–2100 · every age, every year

Mali, every age in every year

Each column is a year and each row an age; the denser the ink in a cell, the more people. Everyone born in the same year climbs one 45° diagonal, so famines, baby booms and migration show up as streaks. Select a cell to follow its generation.

MLI · ages 15–64

Who does the work in Mali

In Mali the number of people aged 15–64 is still growing in 2100, the last year the UN projects. In 2023 there were 12,154,200 of them.

100 aged 15–64

91 children

5 aged 65+

aged 15–64 children under 15 aged 65 and over

How to read this: the orange squares are 100 people aged 15–64 in 2023, and the rows below are how many children (teal) and how many people aged 65 or older (violet) lived alongside them.

Fewer than 50 dependants live alongside every 100 people aged 15–64 in 6 years: 2088–2093.

fewer than 50 dependants per 100 the same, projected 50 or more

How to read this: the strip runs 1950 to 2100. Coloured years are the ones with under 50 dependants for every 100 people aged 15–64; grey years are the rest, and a hatched year has not happened yet.

How every country compares

MLI · arrivals minus departures

Who arrives in Mali, and who leaves

In 2020–2025 Mali loses 36,098 people a year: everyone who arrives, minus everyone who leaves. The age at which that happens most is 20–24, at 7,085 a year more leaving than arriving.

one square = 1,000 people a year

020406080+

more arrive than leave more leave than arrive

How to read this: left to right is age, from babies to 100. Blue squares above the line are ages at which more people arrive than leave; orange squares below it, ages at which more leave than arrive. These are the UN's projection for 2020–2025. There is no record of migration by age before 2020.

Its best and worst years between 1950 and 2023: a gain of -3,673 (1950), and a loss of 140,507 (2012).

In 2024, 545,323 people living in Mali had been born in another country, 2 of every 100 people there, against 2 in 1990.

How migration works everywhere

MLI · births by the mother's age · 1950–2100

Who has the babies in Mali

Of every 100 babies born in Mali in 2023, 20 had a mother under 20, 65 a mother aged 20 to 34 and 15 a mother aged 35 or older. In 1950 it was 20 under 20 and 17 aged 35 or older.

1950
20 · 63 · 17

2023
20 · 65 · 15

2050 · projected
15 · 71 · 14

The mother's age: under 20 20 to 34 35 or older projected

How to read this: each block is 100 babies born in that year, one square each, coloured by how old the mother was. The numbers under a block are the three groups, youngest mothers first.

Babies born, 2023: 951,445
Average age when women have a baby: 28.9 years; 28.4 in 1950
Babies a year per 1,000 girls aged 15–19: 139; 211 in 1950

Babies by the mother's age, 1950–2100

Babies born in Mali by the mother's age
Mother's age	1950	1975	2000	2023	2050 projected	2100 projected
10–14	3,908	6,443	12,054	10,119	3,400	496
15–19	45,771	57,916	113,730	183,570	185,612	74,341
20–24	59,623	87,663	149,301	262,021	356,607	244,010
25–29	50,027	73,365	112,787	202,201	297,805	320,050
30–34	43,357	57,636	78,635	153,896	247,273	332,953
35–39	27,409	39,342	49,373	91,997	129,916	171,014
40–44	10,606	18,751	22,404	37,600	42,017	46,195
45–49	3,187	4,347	5,762	9,607	10,125	8,162
50–54	148	216	289	434	427	247
All babies	244,036	345,679	544,335	951,445	1,273,182	1,197,468

The UN's births for each year, split by the mother's age in the UN's own proportions.

MLI · healthy years · 2021

Years in good health in Mali

In Mali, WHO puts the healthy years a newborn could expect in 2021 at 53.6 (95% range 52.7–54.7), out of 61.7 in all. The years in less than full health come to 8.1, below the world's 9.5: shorter lives leave fewer years in which to be ill.

Women

53.1 in full health, 9.2 not: 62.3 years

Men

54.0 in full health, 7.1 not: 61.1 years

a year in full health a year in less than full health

How to read this: each square is a year of life, each row ten years; filled squares are years in full health, rounded to whole years.

Women: 53.1 healthy years of 62.3. Men: 54.0 of 61.1.

MLI · forced from home · end of 2025

Displacement in Mali

At the end of 2025, 414,524 people were displaced inside Mali, about 16 of every 1,000 people living there.

hosted from abroad287,037
displaced inside it414,524
Mali nationals abroad543,367

stayed inside their own country crossed a border

How to read this: count the squares — 10,000 people each, so the rows can be compared with one another. The last row is people from Mali living in another country, wherever they are.

In 2025, 25 people asked for asylum in Mali for the first time; 22,581 people from Mali asked for asylum in another country. Of every 100 people from Mali whose claims were decided that year, 80 were given protection. Who asks for asylum, and who is given it

How the world's displacement is counted

MLI · of every 100 people

How people live in Mali

Of every 100 people in Mali in 2025, 27 lived in a city, 22 in a town or suburb and 51 in the countryside.

cities towns and suburbs rural areas

50.5 of every 100 have no electricity at home (2024). 63.2 of every 100 do not use the internet (2024).

How to read this: 100 squares, one for every 100th person, coloured by where they live, as the key says. The same rule is used in every country.

How the world's people live

MLI · adults 25 and over · 2020

How far people in Mali went in school

Of every 100 adults in Mali in 2020, 69 never went to school and 9 finished upper secondary or went further.

69 never went to school 11 some primary 6 finished primary 5 finished lower secondary 5 finished upper secondary 4 studied after school

Compare two generations. Aged 60–64, 86.6 of every 100 women and 72.7 of every 100 men never went to school; aged 25–29, 59.6 and 45.1.

Its people aged 15 to 64 are still growing in 2100 in the middle projection.

How to read this: the row is the adults (25 and over) shrunk to 100 people, coloured by how far each went in school, least schooling on the left. The Wittgenstein Centre's count, 2020.

How far the world's people went in school

MLI · cities · 2025

Cities in Mali

Mali had 20 cities in 2025, home to 6.7 million people. The largest, Bamako, holds 17 of every 100 people in Mali.

Bamako4,244,881
Sikasso389,804
Ségou295,589
Koutiala283,496
Kayes278,727
Gao167,417
Sévaré143,362
Timbuktu113,500
San91,788
Bougouni89,589

How to read this: the 10 largest cities in 2025, bars on one scale. A city is the whole built-up area on the UN's rule, not the city's own boundary.

All the world's cities

Apparatus

Sources and method

Every figure on this page comes from the UN's World Population Prospects 2024: the annual country tables (estimates to 2023, projections with 95% intervals from 2024), and the population by single year of age and sex for the pyramid.

The censuses, surveys and registers behind the UN's estimates for Mali are listed, source by source, on the UN's own data sources page.

Sources: UN WPP 2024 · World Bank · UNHCR · country code lists · UN WUP 2025 · Wittgenstein Centre · WHO GHO · flag-icons · Natural Earth. Every source, its licence and how to cite it →

Checked before it was drawn

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries The pyramid for every year was checked against the published total. What that stamp counts, and what every page here has to pass before it can be built: how this site checks its figures.