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Compare · UN World Population Prospects 2024
Madagascar and 
Niger, side by side
Line both places up by age in 2026. In Madagascar, half are older than 20; in Niger, half are older than 17.
UN estimates for mid-2023: Madagascar 31,195,932 people · Niger 26,159,867
How to read this: each pyramid stacks a place’s people by age — babies at the bottom, the oldest at the top, men on the left and women on the right. A wide bottom means many children; a wide top means many older people.
Each bar is a share of its own place’s people, so a small country and a large one can be read side by side.
men women projected
MDG × NER · 2026 · age groups
If each place were 100 people
Shrink each population to 100 people and count them. Dots are children under 15, filled squares are people aged 15 to 64, and open squares are people 65 and over. The picture follows the year slider above.
- Children, under 15
- 39
- Aged 15 to 64
- 58
- Aged 65 and over
- 3
- Children, under 15
- 46
- Aged 15 to 64
- 51
- Aged 65 and over
- 3
MDG × NER · families and lifetimes
Children, and how long lives last
Madagascar is at about 3.8 children for each woman, at this year's rates; Niger is at about 5.6. Life expectancy at birth this year: about 64 years in Madagascar, about 62 in Niger.
Children per woman, 2026
Each figure is one child: how many children a woman would have in her lifetime at that year’s rates.
The dashed line at 2.1 is about what it takes for each generation to replace the one before it, leaving migration aside.
How long a newborn can expect to live, 2026
Each block is ten years of life, if the death rates of that year stayed the same all life long.
Hatched marks are UN projections (medium variant), not measurements.
MDG × NER · 1950–2100 · how many
How big, and where they are heading
Madagascar is the larger of the two, with about 20% more people than Niger: 33.5 million to 28.8 million.
Madagascar's population is 8.5 times what it was in 1950; Niger's population is 11.1 times what it was in 1950.
Madagascar's population is still growing in 2100. Meanwhile Niger's population is still growing in 2100. The UN expects Niger to have more people than Madagascar from 2054. In 2100: 85.3 million in Madagascar, 90.8 million in Niger (UN projection, medium).
Show the numbers
| Year | Madagascar: people | Niger: people | Madagascar: half older than | Niger: half older than | Madagascar: children per woman | Niger: children per woman | Madagascar: life expectancy | Niger: life expectancy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 3.95607 million | 2.59781 million | 20.7 | 15.0 | 7.43 | 7.56 | 39.7 | 35.9 |
| 1960 | 5.11103 million | 3.50505 million | 17.8 | 15.4 | 7.34 | 7.53 | 43.4 | 36.2 |
| 1970 | 6.67200 million | 4.65027 million | 16.6 | 15.8 | 7.10 | 7.51 | 47.9 | 35.9 |
| 1980 | 9.00603 million | 6.13597 million | 16.4 | 16.3 | 6.84 | 7.78 | 50.0 | 39.3 |
| 1990 | 12.0556 million | 8.28606 million | 16.8 | 16.5 | 6.14 | 7.81 | 52.1 | 41.7 |
| 2000 | 16.5163 million | 11.5096 million | 17.1 | 16.2 | 5.67 | 7.83 | 58.0 | 49.2 |
| 2010 | 22.1833 million | 16.5488 million | 17.7 | 15.3 | 4.90 | 7.64 | 62.6 | 57.1 |
| 2023 | 31.1959 million | 26.1599 million | 19.9 | 16.3 | 3.97 | 6.06 | 63.6 | 61.2 |
| 2030* | 36.6932 million | 32.5181 million | 21.1 | 17.4 | 3.56 | 5.08 | 65.0 | 62.8 |
| 2040* | 44.8469 million | 42.3167 million | 23.0 | 19.6 | 3.12 | 3.91 | 66.8 | 64.8 |
| 2050* | 53.1855 million | 52.5139 million | 25.2 | 22.2 | 2.82 | 3.22 | 68.3 | 66.5 |
| 2060* | 61.3529 million | 62.7243 million | 27.4 | 25.0 | 2.59 | 2.77 | 69.6 | 68.0 |
| 2070* | 68.9261 million | 72.1664 million | 29.4 | 27.9 | 2.41 | 2.47 | 70.9 | 69.4 |
| 2080* | 75.5124 million | 80.2270 million | 31.5 | 30.6 | 2.25 | 2.26 | 72.2 | 70.6 |
| 2090* | 80.9926 million | 86.4982 million | 33.4 | 33.2 | 2.15 | 2.11 | 73.5 | 71.9 |
| 2100* | 85.3411 million | 90.8193 million | 35.2 | 35.5 | 2.06 | 2.01 | 74.8 | 73.1 |
* UN projection, medium variant. People at mid-year; ages and life expectancy in years.
MDG − NER · 1950–2100 · every age
Which ages each place has more of
Each column is a year and each row an age, from babies at the bottom to 100 at the top. The shade of a cell shows which place has more of its people at that age — the key beside the picture tells you which shade is Madagascar and which is Niger, and the in-between shade means the same. Because it compares shares, a small place and a large one can be compared fairly.
236 countries · 1950–2100
Where they sit among all countries
Every country in the world, every year from 1950 to 2100. The grey cloud shows where most countries are; Madagascar is drawn in solid blue squares and Niger in open orange squares, so you can see whether each is ahead of the crowd, behind it or in the middle.
More comparisons
Keep exploring
Each place on its own: Madagascar · Niger. Or pick any two places with the boxes at the top of this page.
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Apparatus
Sources and method
Both sides of this comparison come from the UN Population Division's World Population Prospects 2024 — the same release, the same tables, counted to 2023 and projected beyond it on the medium variant. That shared origin is what a comparison rests on.
For how the median age is derived, why “100 people” can read a person high or low, and what the all-country pictures do and do not count, see the method.
250 comparisons have a page of their own; any other two places can be compared from the boxes at the top.
Sources: UN WPP 2024 · flag-icons. Every source, its licence and how to cite it →
Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries