Compare · UN World Population Prospects 2024

Madagascar and Peru, side by side

Madagascar in 2026: half the people are older than 20. Peru: half are older than 32.

UN estimates for mid-2023: Madagascar 31,195,932 people · Peru 33,845,617

Madagascar 33.5 million people Half are older than 20 3 in 100 are 65 or older

Peru 34.9 million people Half are older than 32 10 in 100 are 65 or older

How to read this: each pyramid stacks a place’s people by age — babies at the bottom, the oldest at the top, men on the left and women on the right. A wide bottom means many children; a wide top means many older people.

Compare shapes Compare sizes

Each bar is a share of its own place’s people, so a small country and a large one can be read side by side.

Year 2026 · UN projection

estimatesprojections

men women projected

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries

MDG × PER · 2026 · age groups

If each place were 100 people

Shrink each population to 100 people and count them. Dots are children under 15, filled squares are people aged 15 to 64, and open squares are people 65 and over. The picture follows the year slider above.

Madagascar

Children, under 15: 39
Aged 15 to 64: 58
Aged 65 and over: 3

Peru

Children, under 15: 23
Aged 15 to 64: 67
Aged 65 and over: 10

MDG × PER · families and lifetimes

Children, and how long lives last

If the birth rates of this year held for a whole lifetime, a woman in Madagascar would have about 3.8 children and a woman in Peru about 1.9. Around 2.1 children per woman keeps a population the same size over time, leaving migration aside. A baby born in Madagascar this year can expect to live about 64 years. In Peru, about 78.

Children per woman, 2026

Each figure is one child: how many children a woman would have in her lifetime at that year’s rates.

Madagascar 3.8

Peru 1.9

The dashed line at 2.1 is about what it takes for each generation to replace the one before it, leaving migration aside.

How long a newborn can expect to live, 2026

Each block is ten years of life, if the death rates of that year stayed the same all life long.

Madagascar 64 years

Peru 78 years

Hatched marks are UN projections (medium variant), not measurements.

MDG × PER · 1950–2100 · how many

How big, and where they are heading

There are 34.9 million people in Peru and 33.5 million in Madagascar: about as many people as Madagascar.

Set each against its own 1950 self and Madagascar's population is 8.5 times what it was in 1950, Peru's population is 4.5 times what it was in 1950.

Madagascar's population is still growing in 2100. Meanwhile Peru's population is expected to peak in 2066. The UN expects Madagascar to have more people than Peru from 2029. In 2100: 85.3 million in Madagascar, 38.2 million in Peru (UN projection, medium).

Show the numbers

Year	Madagascar: people	Peru: people	Madagascar: half older than	Peru: half older than	Madagascar: children per woman	Peru: children per woman	Madagascar: life expectancy	Peru: life expectancy
1950	3.95607 million	7.67741 million	20.7	18.9	7.43	6.94	39.7	46.0
1960	5.11103 million	10.1741 million	17.8	18.1	7.34	6.94	43.4	50.6
1970	6.67200 million	13.5012 million	16.6	17.8	7.10	6.32	47.9	47.7
1980	9.00603 million	17.3609 million	16.4	18.4	6.84	5.04	50.0	60.0
1990	12.0556 million	22.0148 million	16.8	19.8	6.14	3.91	52.1	64.0
2000	16.5163 million	26.5983 million	17.1	22.4	5.67	2.85	58.0	69.8
2010	22.1833 million	29.0860 million	17.7	26.2	4.90	2.42	62.6	72.9
2023	31.1959 million	33.8456 million	19.9	30.5	3.97	1.98	63.6	77.7
2030*	36.6932 million	36.1939 million	21.1	33.0	3.56	1.87	65.0	79.0
2040*	44.8469 million	38.7946 million	23.0	36.5	3.12	1.79	66.8	80.7
2050*	53.1855 million	40.5839 million	25.2	40.1	2.82	1.74	68.3	82.3
2060*	61.3529 million	41.5355 million	27.4	43.0	2.59	1.72	69.6	83.8
2070*	68.9261 million	41.6449 million	29.4	45.5	2.41	1.70	70.9	85.1
2080*	75.5124 million	40.9815 million	31.5	47.4	2.25	1.70	72.2	86.3
2090*	80.9926 million	39.7365 million	33.4	48.8	2.15	1.69	73.5	87.3
2100*	85.3411 million	38.1633 million	35.2	49.9	2.06	1.69	74.8	88.3

* UN projection, medium variant. People at mid-year; ages and life expectancy in years.

MDG − PER · 1950–2100 · every age

Which ages each place has more of

Each column is a year and each row an age, from babies at the bottom to 100 at the top. The shade of a cell shows which place has more of its people at that age — the key beside the picture tells you which shade is Madagascar and which is Peru, and the in-between shade means the same. Because it compares shares, a small place and a large one can be compared fairly.

236 countries · 1950–2100

Where they sit among all countries

Every country in the world, every year from 1950 to 2100. The grey cloud shows where most countries are; Madagascar is drawn in solid blue squares and Peru in open orange squares, so you can see whether each is ahead of the crowd, behind it or in the middle.

More comparisons

Keep exploring

Each place on its own: Madagascar · Peru. Or pick any two places with the boxes at the top of this page.

Other comparisons

Apparatus

Sources and method

Madagascar and Peru are drawn here from one source and one release: the UN Population Division's World Population Prospects 2024, counted through 2023 and projected on its medium variant after that. Two places read off the same tables can be set against each other; two read off different tables cannot.

The working behind the median age, the rounding in the “100 people” pictures and the reason the regions are kept out of the all-country views are all set out in the method.

This is one of 250 pairs with a page. The boxes at the top will take any other two places you want to see side by side.

Sources: UN WPP 2024 · flag-icons. Every source, its licence and how to cite it →

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries