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Compare · UN World Population Prospects 2024
Peru and 
Poland, side by side
Line both places up by age in 2026. In Peru, half are older than 32; in Poland, half are older than 44.
UN estimates for mid-2023: Peru 33,845,617 people · Poland 38,762,844
How to read this: each pyramid stacks a place’s people by age — babies at the bottom, the oldest at the top, men on the left and women on the right. A wide bottom means many children; a wide top means many older people.
Each bar is a share of its own place’s people, so a small country and a large one can be read side by side.
men women projected
PER × POL · 2026 · age groups
If each place were 100 people
Shrink each population to 100 people and count them. Dots are children under 15, filled squares are people aged 15 to 64, and open squares are people 65 and over. The picture follows the year slider above.
- Children, under 15
- 23
- Aged 15 to 64
- 67
- Aged 65 and over
- 10
- Children, under 15
- 14
- Aged 15 to 64
- 65
- Aged 65 and over
- 21
PER × POL · families and lifetimes
Children, and how long lives last
Peru is at about 1.9 children for each woman, at this year's rates; Poland is at about 1.3. A baby born in Peru this year can expect to live about 78 years. In Poland, about 79.
Children per woman, 2026
Each figure is one child: how many children a woman would have in her lifetime at that year’s rates.
The dashed line at 2.1 is about what it takes for each generation to replace the one before it, leaving migration aside.
How long a newborn can expect to live, 2026
Each block is ten years of life, if the death rates of that year stayed the same all life long.
Hatched marks are UN projections (medium variant), not measurements.
PER × POL · 1950–2100 · how many
How big, and where they are heading
Poland is the larger of the two, with about as many people as Peru: 37.8 million to 34.9 million.
Peru's population is 4.5 times what it was in 1950; Poland's population is 1.5 times what it was in 1950.
Looking ahead: Peru's population is expected to peak in 2066, and Poland's population peaked in 2023. The UN expects Peru to have more people than Poland from 2033. In 2100: 38.2 million in Peru, 19.3 million in Poland (UN projection, medium).
Show the numbers
| Year | Peru: people | Poland: people | Peru: half older than | Poland: half older than | Peru: children per woman | Poland: children per woman | Peru: life expectancy | Poland: life expectancy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 7.67741 million | 24.7802 million | 18.9 | 25.8 | 6.94 | 3.65 | 46.0 | 58.3 |
| 1960 | 10.1741 million | 29.5760 million | 18.1 | 26.6 | 6.94 | 3.00 | 50.6 | 67.1 |
| 1970 | 13.5012 million | 32.5426 million | 17.8 | 28.3 | 6.32 | 2.25 | 47.7 | 69.6 |
| 1980 | 17.3609 million | 35.5765 million | 18.4 | 29.5 | 5.04 | 2.28 | 60.0 | 70.5 |
| 1990 | 22.0148 million | 38.0555 million | 19.8 | 32.4 | 3.91 | 2.06 | 64.0 | 70.6 |
| 2000 | 26.5983 million | 38.2581 million | 22.4 | 35.3 | 2.85 | 1.37 | 69.8 | 73.7 |
| 2010 | 29.0860 million | 38.0954 million | 26.2 | 37.9 | 2.42 | 1.41 | 72.9 | 76.3 |
| 2023 | 33.8456 million | 38.7628 million | 30.5 | 42.3 | 1.98 | 1.30 | 77.7 | 78.6 |
| 2030* | 36.1939 million | 37.1985 million | 33.0 | 46.0 | 1.87 | 1.33 | 79.0 | 79.8 |
| 2040* | 38.7946 million | 35.1795 million | 36.5 | 50.3 | 1.79 | 1.37 | 80.7 | 81.5 |
| 2050* | 40.5839 million | 32.8141 million | 40.1 | 52.8 | 1.74 | 1.40 | 82.3 | 83.0 |
| 2060* | 41.5355 million | 30.1392 million | 43.0 | 53.5 | 1.72 | 1.42 | 83.8 | 84.4 |
| 2070* | 41.6449 million | 27.1036 million | 45.5 | 55.4 | 1.70 | 1.45 | 85.1 | 85.6 |
| 2080* | 40.9815 million | 24.0377 million | 47.4 | 56.2 | 1.70 | 1.46 | 86.3 | 86.8 |
| 2090* | 39.7365 million | 21.4526 million | 48.8 | 55.5 | 1.69 | 1.47 | 87.3 | 87.9 |
| 2100* | 38.1633 million | 19.3298 million | 49.9 | 56.3 | 1.69 | 1.49 | 88.3 | 89.0 |
* UN projection, medium variant. People at mid-year; ages and life expectancy in years.
PER − POL · 1950–2100 · every age
Which ages each place has more of
Each column is a year and each row an age, from babies at the bottom to 100 at the top. The shade of a cell shows which place has more of its people at that age — the key beside the picture tells you which shade is Peru and which is Poland, and the in-between shade means the same. Because it compares shares, a small place and a large one can be compared fairly.
236 countries · 1950–2100
Where they sit among all countries
Every country in the world, every year from 1950 to 2100. The grey cloud shows where most countries are; Peru is drawn in solid blue squares and Poland in open orange squares, so you can see whether each is ahead of the crowd, behind it or in the middle.
More comparisons
Keep exploring
Each place on its own: Peru · Poland. Or pick any two places with the boxes at the top of this page.
Other comparisons
- Cameroon and Peru
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- Ghana and Peru
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- Peru and Saudi Arabia
- Peru and South Korea
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- Angola and Poland
- Australia and Poland
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- Germany and Poland
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- Poland and Ukraine
- Poland and Uzbekistan
- Poland and Venezuela
- Peru and South America
- Poland and Eastern Europe
Apparatus
Sources and method
Both sides of this comparison come from the UN Population Division's World Population Prospects 2024 — the same release, the same tables, counted to 2023 and projected beyond it on the medium variant. That shared origin is what a comparison rests on.
For how the median age is derived, why “100 people” can read a person high or low, and what the all-country pictures do and do not count, see the method.
250 comparisons have a page of their own; any other two places can be compared from the boxes at the top.
Sources: UN WPP 2024 · flag-icons. Every source, its licence and how to cite it →
Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries