Topics
Compare · UN World Population Prospects 2024
Germany and 
Poland, side by side
In 2026, half of the people in Germany are older than 47. In Poland, half are older than 44.
UN estimates for mid-2023: Germany 84,548,231 people · Poland 38,762,844
How to read this: each pyramid stacks a place’s people by age — babies at the bottom, the oldest at the top, men on the left and women on the right. A wide bottom means many children; a wide top means many older people.
Each bar is a share of its own place’s people, so a small country and a large one can be read side by side.
men women projected
DEU × POL · 2026 · age groups
If each place were 100 people
Shrink each population to 100 people and count them. Dots are children under 15, filled squares are people aged 15 to 64, and open squares are people 65 and over. The picture follows the year slider above.
- Children, under 15
- 14
- Aged 15 to 64
- 62
- Aged 65 and over
- 24
- Children, under 15
- 14
- Aged 15 to 64
- 65
- Aged 65 and over
- 21
DEU × POL · families and lifetimes
Children, and how long lives last
Germany is at about 1.5 children for each woman, at this year's rates; Poland is at about 1.3. A baby born in Germany this year can expect to live about 82 years. In Poland, about 79.
Children per woman, 2026
Each figure is one child: how many children a woman would have in her lifetime at that year’s rates.
The dashed line at 2.1 is about what it takes for each generation to replace the one before it, leaving migration aside.
How long a newborn can expect to live, 2026
Each block is ten years of life, if the death rates of that year stayed the same all life long.
Hatched marks are UN projections (medium variant), not measurements.
DEU × POL · 1950–2100 · how many
How big, and where they are heading
There are 83.6 million people in Germany and 37.8 million in Poland: about twice as many people as Poland.
Set each against its own 1950 self and Germany's population is 1.2 times what it was in 1950, Poland's population is 1.5 times what it was in 1950.
Looking ahead: Germany's population peaked in 2024, and Poland's population peaked in 2023. In 2100: 70.9 million in Germany, 19.3 million in Poland (UN projection, medium).
Show the numbers
| Year | Germany: people | Poland: people | Germany: half older than | Poland: half older than | Germany: children per woman | Poland: children per woman | Germany: life expectancy | Poland: life expectancy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 69.8478 million | 24.7802 million | 33.9 | 25.8 | 2.19 | 3.65 | 66.8 | 58.3 |
| 1960 | 72.8116 million | 29.5760 million | 34.7 | 26.6 | 2.38 | 3.00 | 69.3 | 67.1 |
| 1970 | 78.2051 million | 32.5426 million | 34.2 | 28.3 | 2.02 | 2.25 | 70.7 | 69.6 |
| 1980 | 78.3154 million | 35.5765 million | 36.7 | 29.5 | 1.56 | 2.28 | 73.1 | 70.5 |
| 1990 | 79.7080 million | 38.0555 million | 37.6 | 32.4 | 1.46 | 2.06 | 75.3 | 70.6 |
| 2000 | 81.7973 million | 38.2581 million | 40.0 | 35.3 | 1.39 | 1.37 | 78.1 | 73.7 |
| 2010 | 80.8309 million | 38.0954 million | 44.3 | 37.9 | 1.40 | 1.41 | 80.1 | 76.3 |
| 2023 | 84.5482 million | 38.7628 million | 46.1 | 42.3 | 1.44 | 1.30 | 81.4 | 78.6 |
| 2030* | 82.7810 million | 37.1985 million | 47.3 | 46.0 | 1.48 | 1.33 | 82.5 | 79.8 |
| 2040* | 80.5517 million | 35.1795 million | 49.1 | 50.3 | 1.51 | 1.37 | 83.9 | 81.5 |
| 2050* | 78.2946 million | 32.8141 million | 48.9 | 52.8 | 1.54 | 1.40 | 85.2 | 83.0 |
| 2060* | 75.6046 million | 30.1392 million | 47.6 | 53.5 | 1.56 | 1.42 | 86.4 | 84.4 |
| 2070* | 73.6158 million | 27.1036 million | 48.2 | 55.4 | 1.56 | 1.45 | 87.5 | 85.6 |
| 2080* | 72.1125 million | 24.0377 million | 48.1 | 56.2 | 1.58 | 1.46 | 88.7 | 86.8 |
| 2090* | 71.2004 million | 21.4526 million | 47.7 | 55.5 | 1.59 | 1.47 | 89.7 | 87.9 |
| 2100* | 70.8999 million | 19.3298 million | 48.4 | 56.3 | 1.60 | 1.49 | 90.8 | 89.0 |
* UN projection, medium variant. People at mid-year; ages and life expectancy in years.
DEU − POL · 1950–2100 · every age
Which ages each place has more of
Each column is a year and each row an age, from babies at the bottom to 100 at the top. The shade of a cell shows which place has more of its people at that age — the key beside the picture tells you which shade is Germany and which is Poland, and the in-between shade means the same. Because it compares shares, a small place and a large one can be compared fairly.
236 countries · 1950–2100
Where they sit among all countries
Every country in the world, every year from 1950 to 2100. The grey cloud shows where most countries are; Germany is drawn in solid blue squares and Poland in open orange squares, so you can see whether each is ahead of the crowd, behind it or in the middle.
More comparisons
Keep exploring
Each place on its own: Germany · Poland. Or pick any two places with the boxes at the top of this page.
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Apparatus
Sources and method
Germany and Poland are drawn here from one source and one release: the UN Population Division's World Population Prospects 2024, counted through 2023 and projected on its medium variant after that. Two places read off the same tables can be set against each other; two read off different tables cannot.
How the median age and the “100 people” pictures are worked out, and why the pictures of every country leave the regions out: how the figures here are put together.
This is one of 250 pairs with a page. The boxes at the top will take any other two places you want to see side by side.
Sources: UN WPP 2024 · flag-icons. Every source, its licence and how to cite it →
Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries