Compare · UN World Population Prospects 2024

Poland and Ukraine, side by side

Line both places up by age in 2026. In Poland, half are older than 44; in Ukraine, half are older than 43.

UN estimates for mid-2023: Poland 38,762,844 people · Ukraine 37,732,836

Poland 37.8 million people Half are older than 44 21 in 100 are 65 or older

Ukraine 39.5 million people Half are older than 43 19 in 100 are 65 or older

How to read this: each pyramid stacks a place’s people by age — babies at the bottom, the oldest at the top, men on the left and women on the right. A wide bottom means many children; a wide top means many older people.

Compare shapes Compare sizes

Each bar is a share of its own place’s people, so a small country and a large one can be read side by side.

Year 2026 · UN projection

estimatesprojections

men women projected

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries

POL × UKR · 2026 · age groups

If each place were 100 people

Shrink each population to 100 people and count them. Dots are children under 15, filled squares are people aged 15 to 64, and open squares are people 65 and over. The picture follows the year slider above.

Poland

Children, under 15: 14
Aged 15 to 64: 65
Aged 65 and over: 21

Ukraine

Children, under 15: 13
Aged 15 to 64: 68
Aged 65 and over: 19

POL × UKR · families and lifetimes

Children, and how long lives last

At today's rates, a woman in Poland would have about 1.3 children in her lifetime. In Ukraine, about 1.0. Life expectancy at birth this year: about 79 years in Poland, about 75 in Ukraine.

Children per woman, 2026

Each figure is one child: how many children a woman would have in her lifetime at that year’s rates.

Poland 1.3

Ukraine 1.0

The dashed line at 2.1 is about what it takes for each generation to replace the one before it, leaving migration aside.

How long a newborn can expect to live, 2026

Each block is ten years of life, if the death rates of that year stayed the same all life long.

Poland 79 years

Ukraine 75 years

Hatched marks are UN projections (medium variant), not measurements.

POL × UKR · 1950–2100 · how many

How big, and where they are heading

Ukraine has about as many people as Poland: 39.5 million against 37.8 million.

Poland's population is 1.5 times what it was in 1950; Ukraine's population is 1.1 times what it was in 1950.

Poland's population peaked in 2023. Meanwhile Ukraine's population peaked in 1993. The UN expects Poland to have more people than Ukraine from 2042. In 2100: 19.3 million in Poland, 15.2 million in Ukraine (UN projection, medium).

Show the numbers

Year	Poland: people	Ukraine: people	Poland: half older than	Ukraine: half older than	Poland: children per woman	Ukraine: children per woman	Poland: life expectancy	Ukraine: life expectancy
1950	24.7802 million	37.3109 million	25.8	27.4	3.65	2.45	58.3	61.2
1960	29.5760 million	42.8241 million	26.6	29.3	3.00	2.29	67.1	69.4
1970	32.5426 million	47.2613 million	28.3	32.3	2.25	2.08	69.6	70.8
1980	35.5765 million	49.9552 million	29.5	33.5	2.28	1.95	70.5	69.8
1990	38.0555 million	52.0541 million	32.4	34.2	2.06	1.84	70.6	70.3
2000	38.2581 million	49.5567 million	35.3	37.3	1.37	1.11	73.7	67.8
2010	38.0954 million	46.4560 million	37.9	39.6	1.41	1.44	76.3	70.2
2023	38.7628 million	37.7328 million	42.3	43.0	1.30	0.98	78.6	73.4
2030*	37.1985 million	38.3539 million	46.0	44.7	1.33	1.03	79.8	75.7
2040*	35.1795 million	35.2709 million	50.3	49.2	1.37	1.09	81.5	77.2
2050*	32.8141 million	31.9901 million	52.8	52.1	1.40	1.14	83.0	78.8
2060*	30.1392 million	28.3113 million	53.5	54.2	1.42	1.18	84.4	80.3
2070*	27.1036 million	24.5942 million	55.4	57.2	1.45	1.22	85.6	81.7
2080*	24.0377 million	21.0759 million	56.2	59.3	1.46	1.25	86.8	83.1
2090*	21.4526 million	17.9089 million	55.5	58.7	1.47	1.27	87.9	84.4
2100*	19.3298 million	15.1974 million	56.3	58.9	1.49	1.30	89.0	85.6

* UN projection, medium variant. People at mid-year; ages and life expectancy in years.

POL − UKR · 1950–2100 · every age

Which ages each place has more of

Each column is a year and each row an age, from babies at the bottom to 100 at the top. The shade of a cell shows which place has more of its people at that age — the key beside the picture tells you which shade is Poland and which is Ukraine, and the in-between shade means the same. Because it compares shares, a small place and a large one can be compared fairly.

236 countries · 1950–2100

Where they sit among all countries

Every country in the world, every year from 1950 to 2100. The grey cloud shows where most countries are; Poland is drawn in solid blue squares and Ukraine in open orange squares, so you can see whether each is ahead of the crowd, behind it or in the middle.

More comparisons

Keep exploring

Each place on its own: Poland · Ukraine. Or pick any two places with the boxes at the top of this page.

Other comparisons

Apparatus

Sources and method

Every figure for Poland and Ukraine is the United Nations Population Division's, from World Population Prospects 2024: counted to 2023, and the medium projection for each year after that. Both places are taken from the same release and the same tables, which is what makes them comparable at all.

For how the median age is derived, why “100 people” can read a person high or low, and what the all-country pictures do and do not count, see the method.

250 comparisons have a page of their own; any other two places can be compared from the boxes at the top.

Sources: UN WPP 2024 · flag-icons. Every source, its licence and how to cite it →

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries