Country or area · South-Eastern Asia · Asia · UN WPP 2024

Timor-Leste population

Timor-Leste population now

1,441,551

A projection read at this second, not a count: the UN's totals for 1 January 2026 and 2027, joined by a straight line. 95% range for 31 December 2026: 1.2–1.7 million.

Mid-2023, UN estimate: 1,384,286

Year: 2026; projection · medium
Population, mid-2026: 1.43691 million; 95% range, 31 Dec: 1.2–1.7 million
Median age: 23.1
Aged 65+: 5.2%

Move through time, 1950–2100

2023 | 2024 peak 2076

male female projection · one cell = 500 people

How to read this: one row for each age, newborns at the bottom; men on the left, women on the right.

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries

TLS · 1950–2100 · in brief

Timor-Leste in numbers

Timor-Leste had 1,384,286 people in mid-2023, the 156th-largest population of the 236 countries and areas the UN reports, and 0.02% of the world's people. That is 3.3 times its 1950 population of 415 thousand.

The UN's medium projection has it peaking in 2076 at 2.1 million, then falling to 2.0 million by 2100. The projection is uncertain: on 1 January 2100 the UN's 95% range runs from 785 thousand to 5.5 million.

The medium projection has deaths passing births in 2078 and staying above them from then on. Deaths also outnumbered births in 1975 and 1978.

The median age was 18.1 in 1950 and 22.0 in 2023; the projection has 44.6 in 2100. 5.3% of people were 65 or older in 2023, against 23.3% projected for 2100. The working-age population (15–64) is projected to peak in 2064 at 1.4 million.

By size it is the 156th country in 2023; the projection puts it 152nd in 2050 and 144th in 2100. In the medium projection it overtakes Trinidad and Tobago in 2030, Kosovo in 2038 and Latvia in 2038.

Population, mid-2023: 1,384,286
Rank by population, 2023: 156 of 236
Share of the world, 2023: 0.02%
Change in a year, mid-2022 to mid-2023: +1.09% · +14,990 people
People per km² of land, 2023: 93
Land area, 2023: 14,870 km²
Births, 2023: 30,561
Deaths, 2023: 10,065
Net migration, 2023: −5,620
Children per woman, 2023: 2.71
Median age, 2023: 22.0 years
Life expectancy at birth, 2023: 67.7 years
In a city, 2025: 24 of every 100
Population, mid-1950: 414,762
Projected, mid-2050: 1,889,250
Projected, mid-2100: 1,972,923

TLS · 1950–2100 · total population

Population, 1950–2100

peak 2076estimates | projections01 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6 m1950197520002025205020752100

estimate projection, up to the bottom of the 95% range 95% range medium projection. Every column stands for a single year, counted on 1 January, and the paper rules slice it into cells of equal size.

Show the numbers: Timor-Leste, 1950–2100

Timor-Leste: population on 1 January, births, deaths, fertility and life expectancy, 1950–2100
Year	Kind	Population, 1 Jan	95% range	Births	Deaths	Children per woman	Life expectancy
1950	estimate	413,233		17,833	14,776	6.61	29.2
1951	estimate	416,291		18,129	14,193	6.59	29.5
1952	estimate	420,230		18,396	14,007	6.56	29.8
1953	estimate	424,614		18,678	13,923	6.54	30.1
1954	estimate	429,362		18,982	13,900	6.51	30.4
1955	estimate	434,452		19,309	13,915	6.48	30.7
1956	estimate	439,848		19,661	13,956	6.45	31.0
1957	estimate	445,550		20,034	14,009	6.42	31.3
1958	estimate	451,572		20,418	14,062	6.39	31.7
1959	estimate	457,924		20,803	14,117	6.36	32.0
1960	estimate	464,613		21,178	14,166	6.32	32.4
1961	estimate	471,624		21,536	14,205	6.27	32.8
1962	estimate	478,959		21,869	14,230	6.22	33.2
1963	estimate	486,588		22,175	14,237	6.16	33.7
1964	estimate	494,540		22,453	14,218	6.08	34.1
1965	estimate	502,777		22,708	14,182	6.01	34.6
1966	estimate	511,292		22,946	14,135	5.93	35.2
1967	estimate	520,100		23,169	14,080	5.86	35.7
1968	estimate	529,195		23,373	14,018	5.79	36.2
1969	estimate	538,555		23,551	13,939	5.72	36.8
1970	estimate	548,156		23,678	13,854	5.66	37.4
1971	estimate	557,983		23,725	13,760	5.58	37.9
1972	estimate	567,950		23,685	13,656	5.49	38.4
1973	estimate	577,975		23,574	13,540	5.39	39.0
1974	estimate	587,734		23,393	14,988	5.29	36.5
1975	estimate	593,919		23,057	24,120	5.19	24.3
1976	estimate	602,397		23,667	22,885	5.12	25.9
1977	estimate	612,842		24,457	24,160	5.08	24.9
1978	estimate	623,788		25,511	26,512	5.09	22.9
1979	estimate	633,763		26,800	25,814	5.14	24.2
1980	estimate	643,675		28,147	21,206	5.22	30.2
1981	estimate	656,068		30,557	21,222	5.53	31.3
1982	estimate	664,918		30,509	20,930	5.55	32.3
1983	estimate	673,380		30,519	20,833	5.59	32.7
1984	estimate	682,033		30,585	19,663	5.61	34.5
1985	estimate	691,521		30,764	19,977	5.65	34.3
1986	estimate	701,809		30,940	19,879	5.67	34.8
1987	estimate	712,561		31,112	19,167	5.68	36.0
1988	estimate	724,392		31,472	19,353	5.72	36.0
1989	estimate	737,097		31,961	14,202	5.76	44.8
1990	estimate	752,616		32,499	14,157	5.81	45.2
1991	estimate	768,073		32,917	14,312	5.83	45.1
1992	estimate	788,483		33,820	13,940	5.87	46.2
1993	estimate	810,153		34,576	13,805	5.88	47.0
1994	estimate	832,720		35,432	13,685	5.91	47.9
1995	estimate	856,266		36,217	14,256	5.94	47.5
1996	estimate	880,027		36,890	14,187	5.94	48.3
1997	estimate	904,536		37,626	14,125	5.96	49.0
1998	estimate	929,833		38,351	14,760	5.96	48.6
1999	estimate	955,228		39,101	17,230	5.97	45.3
2000	estimate	714,166		28,792	7,212	5.93	58.1
2001	estimate	776,010		30,897	7,583	5.92	58.8
2002	estimate	848,488		33,406	7,997	5.90	59.5
2003	estimate	909,829		35,176	8,276	5.85	60.1
2004	estimate	923,926		34,865	8,114	5.74	60.7
2005	estimate	934,222		34,363	7,950	5.61	61.3
2006	estimate	962,399		34,240	8,020	5.47	61.9
2007	estimate	990,795		34,212	8,138	5.33	62.4
2008	estimate	1,018,983		34,170	8,283	5.17	62.9
2009	estimate	1,045,876		34,145	8,449	4.99	63.3
2010	estimate	1,071,688		34,155	8,639	4.82	63.7
2011	estimate	1,097,671		34,060	8,823	4.61	64.0
2012	estimate	1,122,744		33,813	8,922	4.40	64.4
2013	estimate	1,147,026		33,558	9,021	4.21	64.7
2014	estimate	1,170,364		33,159	9,119	4.00	65.0
2015	estimate	1,193,443		32,611	9,220	3.78	65.3
2016	estimate	1,216,820		32,120	9,342	3.58	65.6
2017	estimate	1,239,803		31,606	9,462	3.40	65.9
2018	estimate	1,263,603		31,236	9,586	3.24	66.2
2019	estimate	1,288,315		31,034	9,727	3.12	66.5
2020	estimate	1,313,574		30,966	9,799	3.01	66.9
2021	estimate	1,338,533		30,689	10,588	2.89	66.2
2022	estimate	1,361,744		30,704	10,081	2.80	67.4
2023	estimate	1,376,847		30,561	10,065	2.71	67.7
2024	estimate	1,391,725		30,489	10,111	2.63	67.9
2025	projection	1,409,551	1.3–1.5 million	30,643	10,156	2.56	68.1
2026	projection	1,427,484	1.3–1.6 million	30,774	10,203	2.50	68.3
2027	projection	1,446,362	1.2–1.7 million	30,945	10,255	2.45	68.5
2028	projection	1,466,306	1.2–1.7 million	31,116	10,302	2.40	68.7
2029	projection	1,487,381	1.2–1.8 million	31,317	10,345	2.36	68.9
2030	projection	1,508,837	1.2–1.9 million	31,410	10,395	2.32	69.1
2031	projection	1,530,772	1.2–1.9 million	31,510	10,443	2.29	69.3
2032	projection	1,550,540	1.2–2.0 million	31,525	10,483	2.25	69.5
2033	projection	1,568,873	1.2–2.0 million	31,389	10,516	2.22	69.7
2034	projection	1,587,360	1.2–2.1 million	31,255	10,566	2.19	69.8
2035	projection	1,607,528	1.2–2.2 million	31,205	10,618	2.17	70.0
2036	projection	1,630,068	1.2–2.2 million	31,173	10,701	2.14	70.2
2037	projection	1,649,371	1.2–2.3 million	31,069	10,776	2.12	70.4
2038	projection	1,669,289	1.2–2.4 million	30,965	10,876	2.09	70.5
2039	projection	1,688,617	1.2–2.4 million	30,856	10,989	2.07	70.7
2040	projection	1,709,157	1.2–2.5 million	30,793	11,116	2.05	70.8
2041	projection	1,727,342	1.2–2.6 million	30,613	11,247	2.04	71.0
2042	projection	1,745,601	1.2–2.6 million	30,400	11,398	2.02	71.2
2043	projection	1,766,083	1.2–2.7 million	30,205	11,574	2.00	71.3
2044	projection	1,786,047	1.2–2.8 million	29,954	11,766	1.99	71.5
2045	projection	1,801,463	1.2–2.8 million	29,576	11,954	1.97	71.6
2046	projection	1,817,803	1.2–2.9 million	29,164	12,164	1.96	71.8
2047	projection	1,833,287	1.2–3.0 million	28,762	12,384	1.95	71.9
2048	projection	1,849,822	1.2–3.0 million	28,421	12,610	1.94	72.1
2049	projection	1,866,792	1.1–3.1 million	28,105	12,846	1.93	72.2
2050	projection	1,880,897	1.1–3.1 million	27,747	13,079	1.92	72.4
2051	projection	1,897,602	1.1–3.1 million	27,541	13,333	1.91	72.5
2052	projection	1,908,018	1.1–3.2 million	27,199	13,578	1.90	72.7
2053	projection	1,921,115	1.1–3.2 million	26,986	13,856	1.89	72.8
2054	projection	1,937,081	1.1–3.3 million	26,918	14,122	1.89	73.0
2055	projection	1,945,489	1.1–3.4 million	26,663	14,402	1.88	73.1
2056	projection	1,958,098	1.1–3.5 million	26,547	14,684	1.87	73.2
2057	projection	1,972,234	1.1–3.5 million	26,487	14,990	1.86	73.4
2058	projection	1,984,167	1.1–3.6 million	26,394	15,305	1.85	73.5
2059	projection	1,995,537	1.1–3.7 million	26,299	15,625	1.85	73.7
2060	projection	2,005,848	1.1–3.7 million	26,197	15,959	1.84	73.8
2061	projection	2,013,426	1.1–3.7 million	26,059	16,290	1.84	73.9
2062	projection	2,019,082	1.0–3.8 million	25,847	16,621	1.83	74.1
2063	projection	2,026,158	1.0–3.9 million	25,686	16,992	1.83	74.2
2064	projection	2,034,768	1.0–4.0 million	25,574	17,369	1.82	74.3
2065	projection	2,042,438	1.0–4.0 million	25,445	17,759	1.82	74.5
2066	projection	2,049,389	1.0–4.1 million	25,310	18,149	1.81	74.6
2067	projection	2,057,712	1.0–4.1 million	25,208	18,567	1.81	74.7
2068	projection	2,064,291	1.0–4.2 million	25,069	18,982	1.80	74.8
2069	projection	2,070,826	1.0–4.3 million	24,892	19,391	1.80	75.0
2070	projection	2,076,424	1.0–4.3 million	24,718	19,790	1.79	75.1
2071	projection	2,078,874	1.0–4.3 million	24,479	20,182	1.79	75.3
2072	projection	2,086,641	1.0–4.4 million	24,357	20,608	1.79	75.4
2073	projection	2,090,298	1.0–4.5 million	24,133	21,039	1.79	75.5
2074	projection	2,090,710	1.0–4.5 million	23,822	21,435	1.78	75.7
2075	projection	2,092,372	1.0–4.5 million	23,571	21,833	1.78	75.8
2076	projection	2,092,046	1.0–4.6 million	23,309	22,209	1.78	75.9
2077	projection	2,092,651	0.9–4.7 million	23,040	22,610	1.77	76.0
2078	projection	2,091,718	0.9–4.7 million	22,794	22,984	1.77	76.2
2079	projection	2,089,162	0.9–4.7 million	22,509	23,325	1.77	76.3
2080	projection	2,090,024	0.9–5.0 million	22,350	23,698	1.76	76.4
2081	projection	2,087,114	0.9–5.0 million	22,113	24,028	1.76	76.6
2082	projection	2,083,333	0.9–5.1 million	21,875	24,353	1.75	76.7
2083	projection	2,080,790	0.9–5.1 million	21,692	24,671	1.75	76.8
2084	projection	2,075,548	0.9–5.0 million	21,478	24,953	1.75	77.0
2085	projection	2,069,827	0.9–5.0 million	21,284	25,219	1.75	77.1
2086	projection	2,064,370	0.9–5.0 million	21,128	25,480	1.75	77.2
2087	projection	2,061,463	0.9–5.0 million	21,028	25,687	1.74	77.4
2088	projection	2,053,830	0.9–5.1 million	20,838	25,873	1.74	77.5
2089	projection	2,047,846	0.9–5.1 million	20,679	26,065	1.74	77.6
2090	projection	2,040,060	0.9–5.2 million	20,485	26,208	1.73	77.8
2091	projection	2,033,800	0.8–5.2 million	20,380	26,354	1.73	77.9
2092	projection	2,026,935	0.8–5.3 million	20,258	26,485	1.73	78.0
2093	projection	2,021,390	0.8–5.3 million	20,167	26,566	1.73	78.1
2094	projection	2,016,197	0.8–5.4 million	20,078	26,646	1.73	78.3
2095	projection	2,009,373	0.8–5.5 million	19,985	26,693	1.73	78.4
2096	projection	2,001,246	0.8–5.5 million	19,820	26,734	1.72	78.5
2097	projection	1,993,354	0.8–5.5 million	19,667	26,756	1.72	78.6
2098	projection	1,986,827	0.8–5.5 million	19,526	26,735	1.72	78.8
2099	projection	1,980,186	0.8–5.4 million	19,409	26,716	1.72	78.9
2100	projection	1,975,268	0.8–5.5 million	19,327	26,693	1.72	79.0

Show the numbers: Timor-Leste, mid-2026, by single year of age

Timor-Leste: population by single year of age, mid-2026
Age	Male	Female
0	15,338	14,416
1	15,107	14,222
2	14,991	14,112
3	14,952	14,078
4	15,160	14,409
5	15,744	15,174
6	16,430	15,962
7	16,906	16,495
8	17,078	16,682
9	17,002	16,587
10	16,773	16,328
11	16,440	15,957
12	16,010	15,484
13	15,582	15,030
14	15,304	14,764
15	15,188	14,702
16	15,217	14,800
17	15,420	15,070
18	15,688	15,379
19	15,900	15,570
20	16,020	15,646
21	15,984	15,583
22	15,720	15,332
23	15,264	14,939
24	14,708	14,478
25	14,120	13,960
26	13,578	13,428
27	13,095	12,936
28	12,599	12,466
29	12,058	11,988
30	11,520	11,534
31	11,034	11,127
32	10,582	10,721
33	10,146	10,291
34	9,773	9,922
35	9,502	9,657
36	9,302	9,446
37	9,145	9,251
38	8,966	9,024
39	8,733	8,734
40	8,468	8,414
41	8,157	8,068
42	7,751	7,648
43	7,219	7,118
44	6,582	6,501
45	5,902	5,848
46	5,278	5,235
47	4,853	4,794
48	4,736	4,622
49	4,950	4,733
50	5,338	5,004
51	5,674	5,224
52	5,794	5,262
53	5,652	5,115
54	5,414	4,926
55	5,222	4,776
56	5,020	4,611
57	4,765	4,388
58	4,438	4,101
59	4,070	3,809
60	3,763	3,582
61	3,544	3,408
62	3,349	3,252
63	3,148	3,100
64	2,980	2,993
65	2,832	2,905
66	2,661	2,764
67	2,466	2,568
68	2,242	2,326
69	2,029	2,104
70	1,884	1,972
71	1,792	1,906
72	1,720	1,865
73	1,662	1,856
74	1,638	1,911
75	1,636	2,015
76	1,636	2,128
77	1,612	2,180
78	1,526	2,098
79	1,382	1,890
80	1,192	1,600
81	990	1,292
82	814	1,040
83	671	846
84	562	711
85	452	580
86	330	435
87	236	316
88	168	230
89	120	167
90	84	120
91	55	83
92	36	56
93	24	38
94	14	25
95	9	16
96	6	10
97	3	6
98	2	3
99	1	2
100+	0	1

TLS · 1950–2100 · every age, every year

Timor-Leste, every age in every year

Each column is a year and each row an age; the denser the ink in a cell, the more people. Everyone born in the same year climbs one 45° diagonal, so famines, baby booms and migration show up as streaks. Select a cell to follow its generation.

TLS · ages 15–64

Who does the work in Timor-Leste

On the UN's projection, Timor-Leste will have the most working-age people it ever has in 2064: 1,413,270 people aged 15–64. In 2023 it had 836,608.

100 aged 15–64

57 children

9 aged 65+

aged 15–64 children under 15 aged 65 and over

How to read this: one orange square for each of 100 people aged 15–64 in 2023. Beneath them, teal for the children living alongside those 100 and violet for the people aged 65 or older.

Fewer than 50 dependants live alongside every 100 people aged 15–64 in 37 years: 2035–2071.

fewer than 50 dependants per 100 the same, projected 50 or more

How to read this: one stripe a year from 1950 to 2100. A stripe takes colour in a year when fewer than 50 dependants live alongside every 100 people of working age, and stays grey otherwise; hatching means the year is projected.

How every country compares

TLS · arrivals minus departures

Who arrives in Timor-Leste, and who leaves

In 2020–2025 Timor-Leste loses 1,992 people a year: everyone who arrives, minus everyone who leaves. The age at which that happens most is 20–24, at 951 a year more leaving than arriving.

one square = 100 people a year

020406080+

more arrive than leave more leave than arrive

How to read this: each column is one age, youngest on the left. Above the line, in blue, are the ages gaining people; below it, in orange, the ages losing them. This is the UN's projection for 2020–2025 — the record of migration by age does not go back beyond 2020.

Across the counted years, 1950 to 2023, its biggest single-year gain was 49,159 (2001); its biggest loss, 262,940 (1999).

In 2024, 8,303 people living in Timor-Leste had been born in another country, fewer than 1 of every 100 people there, against 1 in 1990.

How migration works everywhere

TLS · births by the mother's age · 1950–2100

Who has the babies in Timor-Leste

Of every 100 babies born in Timor-Leste in 2023, 7 had a mother under 20, 79 a mother aged 20 to 34 and 14 a mother aged 35 or older. In 1950 it was 8 under 20 and 21 aged 35 or older.

1950
8 · 71 · 21

2023
7 · 79 · 14

2050 · projected
4 · 83 · 13

The mother's age: under 20 20 to 34 35 or older projected

How to read this: shrink a year's babies to 100 and colour each one by the age of its mother — that is a block. Under it, the same three groups as numbers, starting with the youngest mothers.

Babies born, 2023: 30,561
Average age when women have a baby: 29.4 years; 31.0 in 1950
Babies a year per 1,000 girls aged 15–19: 27; 69 in 1950

Babies by the mother's age, 1950–2100

Babies born in Timor-Leste by the mother's age
Mother's age	1950	1975	2000	2023	2050 projected	2100 projected
10–14	48	65	85	10	2	0
15–19	1,363	1,581	2,146	2,157	1,244	490
20–24	4,498	4,836	5,944	8,698	6,733	3,308
25–29	4,454	6,113	6,534	9,520	9,732	7,036
30–34	3,703	5,037	6,351	5,934	6,517	5,545
35–39	2,346	3,501	4,883	3,079	2,604	2,345
40–44	1,059	1,514	2,301	978	822	563
45–49	344	390	522	174	89	39
50–54	18	20	26	11	4	1
All babies	17,833	23,057	28,792	30,561	27,747	19,327

The UN's births for each year, split by the mother's age in the UN's own proportions.

TLS · healthy years · 2021

Years in good health in Timor-Leste

Of the 68.0 years a baby born in Timor-Leste in 2021 could expect, about 59.5 would be lived in full health (95% range 58.7–60.5). The years in less than full health come to 8.5, below the world's 9.5: shorter lives leave fewer years in which to be ill.

Women

60.6 in full health, 9.0 not: 69.6 years

Men

58.6 in full health, 7.9 not: 66.5 years

a year in full health a year in less than full health

How to read this: each square is a year of life, each row ten years; filled squares are years in full health, rounded to whole years.

Women: 60.6 healthy years of 69.6. Men: 58.6 of 66.5. In 2019, before the pandemic, the healthy years were 60.0.

TLS · forced from home · end of 2025

Displacement in Timor-Leste

UNHCR publishes no refugees, asylum-seekers or displaced people in or from Timor-Leste at the end of 2025.

Read that as a gap in the record, not as a finding. The count reaches as far as one agency's work reaches, and no further.

In 2025, 494 people from Timor-Leste asked for asylum in another country. Of every 100 people from Timor-Leste whose claims were decided that year, 0 were given protection. Who asks for asylum, and who is given it

How the world's displacement is counted

TLS · of every 100 people

How people live in Timor-Leste

Of every 100 people in Timor-Leste in 2025, 24 lived in a city, 27 in a town or suburb and 49 in the countryside.

cities towns and suburbs rural areas

5.7 of every 100 have no electricity at home (2024). 65 of every 100 do not use the internet (2021).

How to read this: one square for every hundredth person, coloured as the key shows. Because the rule behind the colours is the same everywhere, two countries' squares can be compared directly.

How the world's people live

TLS · adults 25 and over · 2020

How far people in Timor-Leste went in school

Of every 100 adults in Timor-Leste in 2020, 38 never went to school and 36 finished upper secondary or went further.

38 never went to school 11 some primary 6 finished primary 9 finished lower secondary 25 finished upper secondary 11 studied after school

The young went further: 16.9 of every 100 women aged 25–29 never went to school, against 82 of every 100 aged 60–64 (men: 15.7 against 57.4).

The middle projection has its working-age people most numerous in 2065; those among them who finished upper secondary are most numerous later, in 2075.

How to read this: every adult here as one of 100 squares. The stronger the colour, the further that person went in school (the Wittgenstein Centre, 2020).

How far the world's people went in school

TLS · cities · 2025

Cities in Timor-Leste

Timor-Leste had 1 city in 2025, home to 345,038 people. The largest, Dili, holds 24 of every 100 people in Timor-Leste.

Dili345,038

How to read this: the city in 2025, bars on one scale. A city is the whole built-up area on the UN's rule, not the city's own boundary.

All the world's cities

Apparatus

Sources and method

Every figure on this page comes from the UN's World Population Prospects 2024: the annual country tables (estimates to 2023, projections with 95% intervals from 2024), and the population by single year of age and sex for the pyramid.

The censuses, surveys and registers behind the UN's estimates for Timor-Leste are listed, source by source, on the UN's own data sources page.

Sources: UN WPP 2024 · World Bank · UNHCR · country code lists · UN WUP 2025 · Wittgenstein Centre · WHO GHO · flag-icons · Natural Earth. Every source, its licence and how to cite it →

Checked before it was drawn

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries The pyramid for every year was checked against the published total. What that stamp counts, and what every page here has to pass before it can be built: how this site checks its figures.