Country or area · Eastern Europe · Europe · UN WPP 2024

Czechia population

Czechia population now

10,522,614

A projection read at this second, not a count: the UN's totals for 1 January 2026 and 2027, joined by a straight line. 95% range for 31 December 2026: 10.4–10.6 million.

Mid-2023, UN estimate: 10,809,716

Year: 2026; projection · medium
Population, mid-2026: 10.5278 million; 95% range, 31 Dec: 10.4–10.6 million
Median age: 45.3
Aged 65+: 21.4%

Move through time, 1950–2100

2023 | 2024

male female projection · one cell = 2,000 people

How to read this: one row for each age, newborns at the bottom; men on the left, women on the right.

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries

CZE · 1950–2100 · in brief

Czechia in numbers

The UN counts 10,809,716 people in Czechia in mid-2023, which makes it the 87th-largest population of the 236 countries and areas the UN reports, and 0.13% of the world's people. That is 1.2 times its 1950 population of 8.9 million.

Its population peaked in 2023 at 10.8 million. The UN's medium projection has 8.2 million in 2100. The projection is uncertain: on 1 January 2100 the UN's 95% range runs from 4.4 million to 12.0 million.

Deaths have outnumbered births every year since 2019, and do so in every projected year to 2100. Deaths also outnumbered births in 1986, 1989–1990, 1994–2005, 2012–2013 and 2015. The population still grew until 2023, because more people arrived than left.

The median age was 32.3 in 1950 and 43.7 in 2023; the projection has 49.1 in 2100. 20.5% of people were 65 or older in 2023, against 31.0% projected for 2100. The working-age population (15–64) peaked in 2008 at 7.4 million; in 2023 it was 6.9 million.

Among countries it ranks 87th in 2023, 97th in 2050 and 111th in 2100. In the medium projection it overtakes Cuba in 2041. It is overtaken by Honduras in 2024, the United Arab Emirates in 2024 and Papua New Guinea in 2025.

Population, mid-2023: 10,809,716
Rank by population, 2023: 87 of 236
Share of the world, 2023: 0.13%
Change in a year, mid-2022 to mid-2023: +1.28% · +136,503 people
People per km² of land, 2023: 140
Land area, 2023: 77,167 km²
Births, 2023: 91,845
Deaths, 2023: 113,525
Net migration, 2023: −14,638
Children per woman, 2023: 1.45
Median age, 2023: 43.7 years
Life expectancy at birth, 2023: 79.8 years
In a city, 2025: 22 of every 100
Population, mid-1950: 8,916,711
Projected, mid-2050: 9,825,544
Projected, mid-2100: 8,228,075

CZE · 1950–2100 · total population

Population, 1950–2100

estimates | projections02.5 m5 m7.5 m10 m12.5 m1950197520002025205020752100

estimate projection, up to the bottom of the 95% range 95% range medium projection. Each column is the population on 1 January of one year; the paper rules cut it into equal cells.

Show the numbers: Czechia, 1950–2100

Czechia: population on 1 January, births, deaths, fertility and life expectancy, 1950–2100
Year	Kind	Population, 1 Jan	95% range	Births	Deaths	Children per woman	Life expectancy
1950	estimate	8,876,255		189,148	103,351	2.82	64.4
1951	estimate	8,957,167		186,584	102,697	2.79	65.3
1952	estimate	9,037,311		180,815	97,676	2.72	66.9
1953	estimate	9,117,099		172,638	98,953	2.62	67.5
1954	estimate	9,188,098		167,894	99,832	2.58	68.0
1955	estimate	9,254,282		165,221	93,354	2.58	69.0
1956	estimate	9,324,560		161,761	93,582	2.57	69.4
1957	estimate	9,391,476		154,141	98,706	2.48	69.0
1958	estimate	9,446,459		140,088	93,688	2.28	70.0
1959	estimate	9,492,950		127,190	97,337	2.10	69.9
1960	estimate	9,523,833		126,824	94,027	2.09	70.5
1961	estimate	9,559,377		129,119	95,376	2.11	70.6
1962	estimate	9,587,403		131,836	104,845	2.12	69.9
1963	estimate	9,607,516		146,064	100,679	2.31	70.4
1964	estimate	9,647,145		151,764	102,441	2.34	70.6
1965	estimate	9,690,348		146,026	105,477	2.19	70.3
1966	estimate	9,723,347		140,726	106,269	2.03	70.5
1967	estimate	9,749,131		137,461	109,616	1.92	70.3
1968	estimate	9,768,834		136,498	115,833	1.85	69.9
1969	estimate	9,781,392		142,326	121,408	1.88	69.4
1970	estimate	9,794,185		147,784	124,293	1.92	69.5
1971	estimate	9,808,318		154,759	123,240	1.99	69.7
1972	estimate	9,837,240		164,627	120,210	2.09	70.2
1973	estimate	9,878,896		182,711	125,454	2.31	70.1
1974	estimate	9,933,524		195,298	127,533	2.46	70.2
1975	estimate	9,998,373		192,957	125,102	2.43	70.5
1976	estimate	10,063,176		188,260	126,008	2.39	70.6
1977	estimate	10,122,700		182,196	126,894	2.34	70.6
1978	estimate	10,176,031		178,046	127,810	2.33	70.7
1979	estimate	10,225,468		169,956	128,572	2.27	70.8
1980	estimate	10,266,844		151,605	136,227	2.08	70.3
1981	estimate	10,283,962		142,592	131,111	1.99	70.8
1982	estimate	10,295,065		140,494	131,584	2.00	70.9
1983	estimate	10,302,952		137,191	135,238	1.97	70.6
1984	estimate	10,302,935		136,113	132,876	1.97	70.9
1985	estimate	10,304,702		134,213	132,150	1.95	71.1
1986	estimate	10,305,587		131,372	133,033	1.92	71.0
1987	estimate	10,303,160		129,600	127,567	1.90	71.5
1988	estimate	10,303,678		130,886	125,979	1.93	71.7
1989	estimate	10,307,221		126,916	127,982	1.87	71.8
1990	estimate	10,303,989		128,923	129,386	1.89	71.4
1991	estimate	10,299,988		127,812	124,511	1.84	72.0
1992	estimate	10,308,865		121,049	120,590	1.71	72.3
1993	estimate	10,316,031		119,874	118,342	1.65	72.8
1994	estimate	10,324,765		106,177	117,455	1.44	73.1
1995	estimate	10,319,894		95,650	117,810	1.27	73.2
1996	estimate	10,304,191		90,117	112,784	1.19	73.8
1997	estimate	10,288,065		90,111	112,807	1.17	74.0
1998	estimate	10,272,037		89,960	109,543	1.16	74.5
1999	estimate	10,258,816		89,098	109,948	1.14	74.7
2000	estimate	10,243,940		90,473	109,155	1.15	75.0
2001	estimate	10,229,668		90,693	107,906	1.15	75.3
2002	estimate	10,234,204		92,714	108,282	1.17	75.4
2003	estimate	10,244,732		93,762	111,400	1.18	75.4
2004	estimate	10,253,092		97,916	107,235	1.23	75.9
2005	estimate	10,269,807		102,469	107,981	1.28	76.2
2006	estimate	10,290,498		106,419	104,491	1.33	76.7
2007	estimate	10,318,679		114,489	104,654	1.44	76.9
2008	estimate	10,356,407		118,839	104,874	1.51	77.2
2009	estimate	10,400,178		117,739	107,394	1.51	77.3
2010	estimate	10,441,791		116,320	106,761	1.51	77.6
2011	estimate	10,486,280		108,487	106,866	1.43	77.8
2012	estimate	10,504,742		108,000	108,158	1.45	78.0
2013	estimate	10,509,928		106,266	109,225	1.46	78.2
2014	estimate	10,512,397		109,036	105,687	1.53	78.7
2015	estimate	10,522,054		110,923	111,228	1.59	78.6
2016	estimate	10,526,779		112,635	107,765	1.65	79.0
2017	estimate	10,537,117		114,314	111,611	1.72	78.9
2018	estimate	10,545,566		113,821	112,925	1.74	79.0
2019	estimate	10,552,308		112,029	112,452	1.75	79.2
2020	estimate	10,557,442		110,250	129,215	1.76	78.2
2021	estimate	10,542,817		111,795	140,177	1.82	77.2
2022	estimate	10,518,548		96,941	117,348	1.62	79.2
2023	estimate	10,827,878		91,845	113,525	1.45	79.8
2024	estimate	10,791,554		90,211	115,432	1.46	80.0
2025	projection	10,680,164	10.7–10.7 million	86,926	116,588	1.47	80.1
2026	projection	10,538,315	10.5–10.6 million	83,205	117,684	1.47	80.3
2027	projection	10,517,246	10.4–10.6 million	82,169	119,047	1.48	80.4
2028	projection	10,494,176	10.4–10.6 million	81,318	120,527	1.49	80.5
2029	projection	10,467,962	10.3–10.6 million	80,833	121,920	1.49	80.7
2030	projection	10,439,830	10.3–10.6 million	80,710	123,496	1.50	80.8
2031	projection	10,410,348	10.2–10.6 million	81,010	124,936	1.50	81.0
2032	projection	10,379,528	10.1–10.6 million	81,563	126,372	1.51	81.1
2033	projection	10,347,660	10.1–10.6 million	82,432	127,738	1.52	81.3
2034	projection	10,315,171	10.0–10.6 million	83,363	129,044	1.52	81.4
2035	projection	10,282,405	9.9–10.6 million	84,486	130,225	1.52	81.5
2036	projection	10,249,507	9.8–10.6 million	85,856	131,121	1.53	81.7
2037	projection	10,217,245	9.7–10.6 million	87,249	131,865	1.54	81.8
2038	projection	10,184,683	9.7–10.6 million	88,427	132,457	1.54	82.0
2039	projection	10,153,304	9.6–10.6 million	89,537	132,919	1.54	82.1
2040	projection	10,122,165	9.5–10.6 million	90,526	132,986	1.54	82.2
2041	projection	10,092,286	9.4–10.7 million	91,410	132,894	1.55	82.4
2042	projection	10,062,652	9.3–10.7 million	91,962	132,647	1.55	82.5
2043	projection	10,034,056	9.3–10.7 million	92,399	132,378	1.55	82.7
2044	projection	10,006,131	9.2–10.7 million	92,556	132,021	1.55	82.8
2045	projection	9,978,744	9.1–10.7 million	92,616	131,545	1.56	82.9
2046	projection	9,951,436	9.0–10.7 million	92,450	131,201	1.56	83.0
2047	projection	9,923,774	8.9–10.8 million	91,930	130,660	1.56	83.2
2048	projection	9,896,361	8.8–10.8 million	91,108	130,181	1.56	83.3
2049	projection	9,868,546	8.7–10.8 million	90,147	129,811	1.56	83.4
2050	projection	9,840,449	8.7–10.8 million	89,059	129,660	1.57	83.6
2051	projection	9,810,638	8.6–10.8 million	87,704	129,517	1.57	83.7
2052	projection	9,779,966	8.5–10.8 million	86,295	129,528	1.57	83.8
2053	projection	9,748,054	8.4–10.8 million	84,843	129,693	1.57	84.0
2054	projection	9,714,378	8.3–10.8 million	83,335	129,981	1.57	84.1
2055	projection	9,678,567	8.2–10.9 million	81,909	130,380	1.57	84.2
2056	projection	9,641,241	8.1–10.9 million	80,541	130,816	1.58	84.3
2057	projection	9,601,926	8.1–10.9 million	79,407	131,429	1.58	84.5
2058	projection	9,560,681	8.0–10.9 million	78,291	132,124	1.58	84.6
2059	projection	9,518,156	7.9–10.9 million	77,382	133,029	1.58	84.7
2060	projection	9,474,095	7.8–10.9 million	76,750	133,719	1.58	84.8
2061	projection	9,428,403	7.7–10.9 million	76,246	134,320	1.59	85.0
2062	projection	9,381,139	7.6–10.9 million	75,943	134,918	1.59	85.1
2063	projection	9,332,812	7.5–10.9 million	75,803	135,352	1.59	85.2
2064	projection	9,283,461	7.3–10.9 million	75,834	135,518	1.59	85.3
2065	projection	9,234,125	7.2–10.9 million	76,165	135,610	1.59	85.4
2066	projection	9,184,070	7.1–10.9 million	76,506	135,441	1.59	85.5
2067	projection	9,135,020	7.0–10.9 million	76,888	135,056	1.59	85.7
2068	projection	9,087,059	6.9–10.8 million	77,325	134,299	1.59	85.8
2069	projection	9,040,384	6.8–10.9 million	77,773	133,343	1.59	85.9
2070	projection	8,994,758	6.7–10.9 million	78,228	132,083	1.59	86.0
2071	projection	8,950,697	6.6–10.9 million	78,618	130,543	1.59	86.2
2072	projection	8,908,523	6.5–10.9 million	78,980	128,871	1.59	86.3
2073	projection	8,868,128	6.4–11.0 million	79,196	127,063	1.59	86.4
2074	projection	8,829,905	6.3–11.0 million	79,339	125,087	1.59	86.5
2075	projection	8,793,743	6.2–11.1 million	79,365	123,169	1.59	86.6
2076	projection	8,759,426	6.2–11.1 million	79,380	121,083	1.60	86.8
2077	projection	8,727,501	6.1–11.1 million	79,065	118,991	1.59	86.9
2078	projection	8,697,267	6.0–11.1 million	78,785	117,061	1.59	87.0
2079	projection	8,668,299	5.9–11.1 million	78,519	115,037	1.60	87.1
2080	projection	8,640,753	5.8–11.2 million	78,047	113,125	1.60	87.2
2081	projection	8,614,704	5.7–11.2 million	77,536	111,320	1.60	87.3
2082	projection	8,590,022	5.6–11.2 million	76,836	109,506	1.60	87.5
2083	projection	8,566,610	5.6–11.3 million	76,162	107,824	1.60	87.6
2084	projection	8,544,715	5.5–11.3 million	75,391	106,200	1.60	87.7
2085	projection	8,523,501	5.4–11.3 million	74,721	104,597	1.60	87.8
2086	projection	8,503,196	5.3–11.4 million	73,984	103,047	1.61	87.9
2087	projection	8,483,018	5.3–11.4 million	73,223	101,617	1.61	88.0
2088	projection	8,463,795	5.2–11.5 million	72,505	100,421	1.61	88.1
2089	projection	8,445,611	5.1–11.5 million	71,949	99,367	1.61	88.2
2090	projection	8,427,533	5.0–11.6 million	71,307	98,385	1.61	88.3
2091	projection	8,409,431	5.0–11.6 million	70,885	97,669	1.61	88.5
2092	projection	8,392,089	4.9–11.6 million	70,436	97,155	1.61	88.6
2093	projection	8,374,413	4.8–11.7 million	70,114	96,948	1.61	88.7
2094	projection	8,356,546	4.8–11.7 million	69,874	96,985	1.61	88.8
2095	projection	8,338,101	4.7–11.8 million	69,729	97,187	1.61	88.9
2096	projection	8,319,532	4.6–11.8 million	69,646	97,574	1.61	89.0
2097	projection	8,299,868	4.6–11.9 million	69,676	98,161	1.61	89.1
2098	projection	8,280,512	4.5–11.9 million	69,710	98,888	1.61	89.2
2099	projection	8,260,179	4.4–12.0 million	69,798	99,647	1.61	89.3
2100	projection	8,239,234	4.4–12.0 million	69,910	100,423	1.62	89.4

Show the numbers: Czechia, mid-2026, by single year of age

Czechia: population by single year of age, mid-2026
Age	Male	Female
0	43,004	40,692
1	43,626	41,189
2	44,436	41,942
3	47,581	45,044
4	53,910	51,302
5	56,490	53,964
6	56,232	53,543
7	57,432	54,740
8	58,120	55,488
9	58,236	55,276
10	57,538	54,442
11	56,730	53,724
12	55,755	52,906
13	55,422	52,789
14	55,945	53,314
15	58,194	55,212
16	60,598	57,852
17	61,716	59,207
18	61,776	59,298
19	59,597	56,936
20	57,596	54,842
21	56,309	53,798
22	54,962	52,616
23	54,174	51,954
24	53,268	51,009
25	52,408	49,766
26	51,285	48,624
27	50,677	48,204
28	51,222	48,554
29	51,534	48,796
30	53,430	50,227
31	57,896	54,264
32	64,177	60,088
33	68,091	63,355
34	70,356	65,154
35	72,268	67,158
36	71,688	67,023
37	72,040	67,721
38	72,848	68,117
39	73,061	67,846
40	74,018	68,896
41	74,682	69,541
42	74,718	69,708
43	75,219	70,518
44	76,085	71,346
45	78,691	73,264
46	84,822	79,003
47	89,906	84,335
48	91,567	86,494
49	93,143	88,335
50	94,842	90,360
51	95,848	91,571
52	93,269	88,652
53	85,535	81,590
54	78,417	75,500
55	74,218	71,812
56	70,864	68,850
57	67,285	65,688
58	65,135	63,972
59	65,000	64,250
60	65,906	65,672
61	67,896	68,032
62	67,155	68,129
63	61,496	63,427
64	56,500	59,090
65	54,385	57,311
66	52,576	56,033
67	52,978	58,044
68	55,528	62,338
69	57,022	65,310
70	56,666	66,320
71	55,293	66,328
72	53,924	66,051
73	52,734	65,999
74	51,008	66,036
75	48,500	64,524
76	45,428	61,802
77	43,608	60,544
78	42,712	60,965
79	39,918	59,242
80	32,792	50,872
81	27,576	44,422
82	25,618	42,285
83	21,725	37,043
84	18,044	31,835
85	15,556	28,358
86	12,640	24,139
87	9,857	20,004
88	7,832	16,825
89	6,224	14,082
90	5,045	11,761
91	4,028	9,781
92	3,096	8,056
93	2,322	6,467
94	1,688	4,984
95	1,174	3,688
96	774	2,577
97	486	1,701
98	290	1,101
99	170	700
100+	212	966

CZE · 1950–2100 · every age, every year

Czechia, every age in every year

Each column is a year and each row an age; the denser the ink in a cell, the more people. Everyone born in the same year climbs one 45° diagonal, so famines, baby booms and migration show up as streaks. Select a cell to follow its generation.

CZE · ages 15–64

Who does the work in Czechia

Czechia had the most working-age people it is ever expected to have in 2008: 7,369,570 people aged 15–64, against 6,894,490 in 2023.

100 aged 15–64

25 children

32 aged 65+

aged 15–64 children under 15 aged 65 and over

How to read this: one orange square for each of 100 people aged 15–64 in 2023. Beneath them, teal for the children living alongside those 100 and violet for the people aged 65 or older.

Fewer than 50 dependants live alongside every 100 people aged 15–64 in 25 years: 1950–1951 and 1992–2014.

fewer than 50 dependants per 100 the same, projected 50 or more

How to read this: 1950 on the left, 2100 on the right; coloured in the years with fewer than 50 dependants per 100 working-age people, grey in the rest, hatched where that is a projection.

How every country compares

CZE · arrivals minus departures

Who arrives in Czechia, and who leaves

In 2020–2025 Czechia gains 35,822 people a year: everyone who arrives, minus everyone who leaves. The age at which that happens most is 20–24, at 11,470 a year more arriving than leaving.

one square = 2,000 people a year

020406080+

more arrive than leave more leave than arrive

How to read this: each column is one age, youngest on the left. Above the line, in blue, are the ages gaining people; below it, in orange, the ages losing them. This is the UN's projection for 2020–2025 — the record of migration by age does not go back beyond 2020.

In the years that were counted, 1950–2023, the most it gained in one year was 329,739 (2022) and the most it lost was 14,638 (2023).

In 2024, 1,025,199 people living in Czechia had been born in another country, 10 of every 100 people there, against 4 in 1990.

How migration works everywhere

CZE · births by the mother's age · 1950–2100

Who has the babies in Czechia

Of every 100 babies born in Czechia in 2023, 2 had a mother under 20, 76 a mother aged 20 to 34 and 22 a mother aged 35 or older. In 1950 it was 9 under 20 and 13 aged 35 or older.

1950
9 · 78 · 13

2023
2 · 76 · 22

2050 · projected
1 · 74 · 25

The mother's age: under 20 20 to 34 35 or older projected

How to read this: shrink a year's babies to 100 and colour each one by the age of its mother — that is a block. Under it, the same three groups as numbers, starting with the youngest mothers.

Babies born, 2023: 91,845
Average age when women have a baby: 30.4 years; 27.2 in 1950
Babies a year per 1,000 girls aged 15–19: 6; 53 in 1950

Babies by the mother's age, 1950–2100

Babies born in Czechia by the mother's age
Mother's age	1950	1975	2000	2023	2050 projected	2100 projected
10–14	46	18	20	21	10	9
15–19	16,279	22,759	4,588	1,654	991	930
20–24	65,594	87,133	28,823	9,781	8,014	7,762
25–29	59,846	57,211	37,073	27,041	25,007	20,991
30–34	22,220	20,247	14,411	33,204	33,087	24,142
35–39	18,516	4,801	4,844	16,274	17,365	12,763
40–44	6,415	761	681	3,474	4,267	3,024
45–49	232	27	33	384	314	285
50–54	0	0	0	12	4	4
All babies	189,148	192,957	90,473	91,845	89,059	69,910

The UN's births for each year, split by the mother's age in the UN's own proportions.

CZE · healthy years · 2021

Years in good health in Czechia

In Czechia, WHO puts the healthy years a newborn could expect in 2021 at 66.7 (95% range 66.0–67.4), out of 77.1 in all. The years in less than full health come to 10.4, above the world's 9.5.

Women

68.3 in full health, 12.0 not: 80.3 years

Men

65.0 in full health, 9.0 not: 74.0 years

a year in full health a year in less than full health

How to read this: each square is a year of life, each row ten years; filled squares are years in full health, rounded to whole years.

Women: 68.3 healthy years of 80.3. Men: 65.0 of 74.0. In 2019, before the pandemic, the healthy years were 68.5.

CZE · forced from home · end of 2025

Displacement in Czechia

At the end of 2025, Czechia was hosting 396,552 people who had crossed a border into it, about 37 of every 1,000 people living there.

hosted from abroad396,552
Czechia nationals abroad952

stayed inside their own country crossed a border

How to read this: each square is 10,000 people, so the rows can be compared with one another. The last row is people from Czechia living in another country, wherever they are. An outlined square means fewer people than one square stands for.

In 2025, 911 people asked for asylum in Czechia for the first time; 126 people from Czechia asked for asylum in another country. Who asks for asylum, and who is given it

How the world's displacement is counted

CZE · of every 100 people

How people live in Czechia

Of every 100 people in Czechia in 2025, 22 lived in a city, 38 in a town or suburb and 40 in the countryside.

cities towns and suburbs rural areas

Nearly everyone has electricity at home (2024). 12.3 of every 100 do not use the internet (2024).

How to read this: one square for every hundredth person, coloured as the key shows. Because the rule behind the colours is the same everywhere, two countries' squares can be compared directly.

How the world's people live

CZE · adults 25 and over · 2020

How far people in Czechia went in school

Almost every adult in Czechia went to school: of every 100 in 2020, 89 finished upper secondary or went further.

11 finished lower secondary 67 finished upper secondary 22 studied after school

Its people aged 15 to 64, and the ones among them who finished upper secondary, are projected to be most numerous in the same year, 2025.

How to read this: every adult here as one of 100 squares. The stronger the colour, the further that person went in school (the Wittgenstein Centre, 2020).

How far the world's people went in school

CZE · cities · 2025

Cities in Czechia

Czechia had 12 cities in 2025, home to 2.4 million people. The largest, Prague, holds 11 of every 100 people in Czechia.

Prague1,197,765
Brno310,796
Pilsen148,880
Ostrava147,481
České Budějovice85,035
Liberec82,719
Olomouc81,885
Hradec Králové69,909
Pardubice68,597
Kladno64,090

How to read this: the 10 largest cities in 2025, bars on one scale. A city is the whole built-up area on the UN's rule, not the city's own boundary.

All the world's cities

Apparatus

Sources and method

Every figure on this page comes from the UN's World Population Prospects 2024: the annual country tables (estimates to 2023, projections with 95% intervals from 2024), and the population by single year of age and sex for the pyramid.

The censuses, surveys and registers behind the UN's estimates for Czechia are listed, source by source, on the UN's own data sources page.

Sources: UN WPP 2024 · World Bank · UNHCR · country code lists · UN WUP 2025 · Wittgenstein Centre · WHO GHO · flag-icons · Natural Earth. Every source, its licence and how to cite it →

Checked before it was drawn

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries The pyramid for every year was checked against the published total. What that stamp counts, and what every page here has to pass before it can be built: how this site checks its figures.