Country or area · Western Europe · Europe · UN WPP 2024

France population

France population now

66,768,809

A projection read at this second, not a count: the UN's totals for 1 January 2026 and 2027, joined by a straight line. 95% range for 31 December 2026: 66.4–67.2 million.

Mid-2023, UN estimate: 66,438,822

Year: 2026; projection · medium
Population, mid-2026: 66.7464 million; 95% range, 31 Dec: 66.4–67.2 million
Median age: 43.5
Aged 65+: 22.9%

Move through time, 1950–2100

2023 | 2024 peak 2095

male female projection · one cell = 10,000 people

How to read this: one row for each age, newborns at the bottom; men on the left, women on the right.

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries

FRA · 1950–2100 · in brief

France in numbers

In mid-2023 there were 66,438,822 people in France: the 23rd-largest population of the 236 countries and areas the UN reports, and 0.82% of the world's people. That is 1.6 times its 1950 population of 41.9 million.

The UN's medium projection has it peaking in 2095 at 68.5 million, then falling to 68.5 million by 2100. The projection is uncertain: on 1 January 2100 the UN's 95% range runs from 39.5 million to 100 million.

The medium projection has deaths passing births in 2027 and staying above them from then on. The population still grows until 2095, because more people arrive than leave.

The median age was 34.4 in 1950 and 42.8 in 2023; the projection has 48.1 in 2100. 21.7% of people were 65 or older in 2023, against 30.9% projected for 2100. The working-age population (15–64) peaked in 2011 at 41.0 million; in 2023 it was 40.8 million.

By size it is the 23rd country in 2023; the projection puts it 30th in 2050 and 38th in 2100. In the medium projection it overtakes Thailand in 2045 and Türkiye in 2096. It is overtaken by South Africa in 2029, Kenya in 2034 and Sudan in 2037.

Population, mid-2023: 66,438,822
Rank by population, 2023: 23 of 236
Share of the world, 2023: 0.82%
Change in a year, mid-2022 to mid-2023: +0.24% · +161,414 people
People per km² of land, 2023: 123
Land area, 2023: 538,950 km²
Births, 2023: 638,891
Deaths, 2023: 616,095
Net migration, 2023: +91,862
Children per woman, 2023: 1.64
Median age, 2023: 42.8 years
Life expectancy at birth, 2023: 83.3 years
In a city, 2025: 34 of every 100
Population, mid-1950: 41,883,119
Projected, mid-2050: 68,219,675
Projected, mid-2100: 68,484,558

FRA · 1950–2100 · total population

Population, 1950–2100

peak 2095estimates | projections020 m40 m60 m80 m100 m120 m1950197520002025205020752100

estimate projection, up to the bottom of the 95% range 95% range medium projection. Every column stands for a single year, counted on 1 January, and the paper rules slice it into cells of equal size.

Show the numbers: France, 1950–2100

France: population on 1 January, births, deaths, fertility and life expectancy, 1950–2100
Year	Kind	Population, 1 Jan	95% range	Births	Deaths	Children per woman	Life expectancy
1950	estimate	41,651,596		866,424	533,909	2.96	66.4
1951	estimate	42,114,642		833,080	566,598	2.82	66.1
1952	estimate	42,552,682		830,846	526,915	2.78	67.4
1953	estimate	43,007,864		816,117	559,706	2.70	67.3
1954	estimate	43,447,895		824,595	522,454	2.71	68.2
1955	estimate	43,905,901		823,540	529,404	2.70	68.4
1956	estimate	44,366,280		825,445	549,304	2.69	68.5
1957	estimate	44,810,758		833,516	535,119	2.71	68.9
1958	estimate	45,261,995		826,384	503,134	2.69	70.1
1959	estimate	45,725,001		840,625	511,097	2.75	70.2
1960	estimate	46,202,525		831,568	523,377	2.73	70.4
1961	estimate	46,653,742		854,469	502,905	2.83	71.0
1962	estimate	47,133,928		837,108	541,350	2.79	70.5
1963	estimate	47,571,317		859,233	557,144	2.87	70.3
1964	estimate	48,064,331		865,259	518,783	2.88	71.3
1965	estimate	48,573,843		857,813	542,730	2.83	71.1
1966	estimate	48,971,817		857,452	527,861	2.78	71.5
1967	estimate	49,397,495		833,992	542,179	2.65	71.5
1968	estimate	49,752,323		829,818	553,080	2.57	71.5
1969	estimate	50,142,179		838,408	572,578	2.53	71.2
1970	estimate	50,568,411		848,797	542,407	2.48	72.1
1971	estimate	51,057,739		880,805	554,493	2.50	72.1
1972	estimate	51,528,379		879,826	550,057	2.43	72.3
1973	estimate	51,959,368		860,911	559,135	2.32	72.5
1974	estimate	52,365,052		805,758	552,600	2.13	72.8
1975	estimate	52,644,423		748,359	560,686	1.94	72.9
1976	estimate	52,848,227		720,510	558,258	1.83	73.1
1977	estimate	53,069,998		746,251	536,884	1.87	73.7
1978	estimate	53,324,277		739,954	547,869	1.83	73.8
1979	estimate	53,535,059		760,107	542,728	1.86	74.1
1980	estimate	53,786,732		801,935	547,995	1.95	74.2
1981	estimate	54,095,390		805,902	556,018	1.95	74.4
1982	estimate	54,414,634		798,838	544,373	1.92	74.8
1983	estimate	54,750,181		751,307	561,019	1.79	74.7
1984	estimate	55,028,634		763,735	543,949	1.81	75.2
1985	estimate	55,324,604		773,073	554,121	1.82	75.3
1986	estimate	55,609,696		783,568	548,942	1.83	75.6
1987	estimate	55,895,971		773,957	529,058	1.80	76.2
1988	estimate	56,200,757		778,366	526,113	1.81	76.4
1989	estimate	56,522,940		772,984	530,762	1.79	76.5
1990	estimate	56,847,224		770,879	528,158	1.78	76.8
1991	estimate	57,133,253		767,617	526,195	1.77	77.0
1992	estimate	57,409,877		751,407	523,398	1.74	77.3
1993	estimate	57,699,863		719,986	534,068	1.66	77.3
1994	estimate	57,902,670		720,508	521,880	1.67	77.8
1995	estimate	58,097,063		740,572	533,177	1.72	77.9
1996	estimate	58,287,343		745,969	537,893	1.74	78.1
1997	estimate	58,473,940		737,241	532,546	1.73	78.4
1998	estimate	58,663,380		746,776	536,121	1.76	78.6
1999	estimate	58,894,252		750,504	540,035	1.79	78.8
2000	estimate	59,274,168		781,114	533,655	1.88	79.0
2001	estimate	59,693,265		777,770	533,527	1.88	79.2
2002	estimate	60,116,990		767,569	538,418	1.86	79.4
2003	estimate	60,537,506		766,772	555,153	1.87	79.4
2004	estimate	60,944,745		773,113	512,744	1.90	80.3
2005	estimate	61,405,748		778,088	530,936	1.92	80.3
2006	estimate	61,844,316		799,529	520,991	1.97	80.7
2007	estimate	62,255,359		788,147	525,963	1.95	81.0
2008	estimate	62,609,519		799,073	537,249	1.99	81.0
2009	estimate	62,950,861		797,096	543,937	1.99	81.2
2010	estimate	63,262,065		804,924	546,959	2.02	81.4
2011	estimate	63,572,660		793,347	541,297	2.00	81.8
2012	estimate	63,894,894		789,607	565,757	1.99	81.7
2013	estimate	64,222,037		781,055	565,960	1.97	82.0
2014	estimate	64,553,431		780,384	554,605	1.97	82.4
2015	estimate	64,831,554		760,246	590,329	1.93	82.2
2016	estimate	65,001,118		744,662	588,735	1.89	82.4
2017	estimate	65,172,593		724,569	603,186	1.86	82.4
2018	estimate	65,396,959		717,219	604,978	1.84	82.6
2019	estimate	65,642,126		711,582	608,890	1.83	82.7
2020	estimate	65,816,792		695,934	664,556	1.78	82.2
2021	estimate	65,993,763		702,274	654,169	1.80	82.3
2022	estimate	66,173,332		687,577	658,798	1.76	82.5
2023	estimate	66,381,485		638,891	616,095	1.64	83.3
2024	estimate	66,496,159		635,995	621,767	1.64	83.5
2025	projection	66,600,902	66.5–66.7 million	634,528	626,471	1.64	83.6
2026	projection	66,700,707	66.5–66.9 million	633,972	631,107	1.64	83.7
2027	projection	66,792,094	66.4–67.2 million	634,479	635,417	1.64	83.8
2028	projection	66,884,429	66.3–67.5 million	636,317	640,377	1.64	84.0
2029	projection	66,972,843	66.2–67.7 million	639,711	645,307	1.64	84.1
2030	projection	67,063,815	66.1–68.0 million	643,419	651,233	1.64	84.2
2031	projection	67,151,567	66.0–68.3 million	649,501	658,313	1.64	84.3
2032	projection	67,238,143	65.9–68.6 million	655,969	665,608	1.64	84.4
2033	projection	67,325,816	65.7–68.9 million	663,467	674,201	1.64	84.6
2034	projection	67,412,827	65.5–69.2 million	671,282	683,526	1.64	84.7
2035	projection	67,503,472	65.4–69.5 million	679,031	693,042	1.64	84.8
2036	projection	67,592,419	65.2–69.9 million	686,801	702,512	1.64	84.9
2037	projection	67,678,212	65.0–70.3 million	693,871	712,309	1.64	85.0
2038	projection	67,764,008	64.8–70.7 million	699,004	722,223	1.64	85.2
2039	projection	67,839,845	64.5–71.0 million	702,493	733,019	1.64	85.3
2040	projection	67,906,961	64.3–71.4 million	705,458	742,963	1.64	85.4
2041	projection	67,970,847	64.0–71.7 million	707,267	751,765	1.64	85.5
2042	projection	68,034,303	63.7–72.1 million	707,609	760,759	1.65	85.7
2043	projection	68,093,417	63.4–72.4 million	706,884	768,712	1.65	85.8
2044	projection	68,138,155	63.1–72.8 million	703,771	774,992	1.65	85.9
2045	projection	68,176,010	62.8–73.2 million	700,533	780,120	1.65	86.0
2046	projection	68,205,899	62.6–73.5 million	694,476	784,555	1.65	86.1
2047	projection	68,223,446	62.2–73.8 million	688,838	786,995	1.65	86.2
2048	projection	68,234,708	61.9–74.2 million	682,924	789,015	1.65	86.3
2049	projection	68,235,871	61.5–74.5 million	675,603	789,951	1.65	86.5
2050	projection	68,226,879	61.3–74.8 million	669,054	791,287	1.65	86.6
2051	projection	68,212,471	60.8–75.0 million	662,224	791,306	1.65	86.7
2052	projection	68,188,038	60.6–75.4 million	656,336	791,010	1.65	86.8
2053	projection	68,163,503	60.1–75.8 million	651,795	790,972	1.65	86.9
2054	projection	68,130,360	59.6–76.2 million	646,375	790,728	1.65	87.0
2055	projection	68,091,669	59.3–76.5 million	641,682	789,304	1.65	87.2
2056	projection	68,043,593	58.9–76.9 million	638,013	789,175	1.65	87.3
2057	projection	68,000,720	58.5–77.4 million	636,056	787,957	1.65	87.4
2058	projection	67,956,618	58.1–77.7 million	634,635	787,507	1.65	87.5
2059	projection	67,915,081	57.6–78.0 million	633,458	785,681	1.65	87.6
2060	projection	67,870,823	57.2–78.4 million	633,393	783,676	1.65	87.7
2061	projection	67,829,766	56.6–78.7 million	634,924	781,430	1.65	87.8
2062	projection	67,791,349	56.2–79.1 million	636,312	778,883	1.65	88.0
2063	projection	67,753,883	55.9–79.6 million	638,070	776,904	1.65	88.1
2064	projection	67,725,445	55.7–80.1 million	640,305	773,307	1.65	88.2
2065	projection	67,701,849	55.4–80.6 million	643,707	770,535	1.65	88.3
2066	projection	67,681,760	54.9–80.9 million	646,426	766,572	1.65	88.4
2067	projection	67,672,839	54.5–81.6 million	649,353	763,380	1.65	88.5
2068	projection	67,665,264	54.0–82.0 million	652,765	758,997	1.65	88.7
2069	projection	67,663,296	53.4–82.4 million	656,169	754,475	1.65	88.8
2070	projection	67,672,922	52.9–83.0 million	659,426	750,860	1.65	88.9
2071	projection	67,684,888	52.5–83.6 million	661,406	745,395	1.65	89.0
2072	projection	67,711,907	52.1–84.0 million	662,706	741,365	1.65	89.1
2073	projection	67,737,120	51.7–84.5 million	663,937	737,406	1.65	89.2
2074	projection	67,767,559	51.3–85.0 million	664,430	733,603	1.65	89.3
2075	projection	67,801,610	50.9–85.5 million	664,395	729,929	1.65	89.4
2076	projection	67,842,912	50.6–86.0 million	663,051	726,471	1.65	89.5
2077	projection	67,884,960	50.3–86.5 million	661,650	723,066	1.65	89.7
2078	projection	67,925,676	49.9–87.1 million	658,553	719,772	1.65	89.8
2079	projection	67,964,732	49.5–87.6 million	655,795	716,555	1.65	89.9
2080	projection	68,004,890	49.1–88.0 million	652,330	713,858	1.65	90.0
2081	projection	68,044,984	48.7–88.5 million	648,409	709,547	1.65	90.1
2082	projection	68,088,647	48.2–89.1 million	645,046	706,693	1.65	90.2
2083	projection	68,128,232	47.7–89.6 million	641,025	703,371	1.65	90.3
2084	projection	68,178,401	47.3–90.5 million	637,863	699,971	1.65	90.4
2085	projection	68,219,484	46.8–91.3 million	635,179	698,172	1.65	90.5
2086	projection	68,255,823	46.5–91.9 million	632,353	696,187	1.65	90.6
2087	projection	68,297,082	45.9–92.4 million	629,499	695,079	1.65	90.7
2088	projection	68,335,501	45.4–93.0 million	627,791	694,916	1.65	90.8
2089	projection	68,373,388	45.0–93.6 million	625,839	694,662	1.65	90.9
2090	projection	68,405,999	44.5–94.3 million	624,996	695,434	1.65	91.0
2091	projection	68,437,766	44.0–95.1 million	624,204	697,716	1.65	91.2
2092	projection	68,464,324	43.5–95.8 million	623,778	701,004	1.65	91.3
2093	projection	68,486,232	43.1–96.3 million	623,880	704,832	1.65	91.4
2094	projection	68,511,169	42.6–96.9 million	624,288	708,890	1.65	91.5
2095	projection	68,526,562	42.1–97.6 million	624,511	714,810	1.65	91.6
2096	projection	68,532,732	41.6–98.2 million	624,629	721,194	1.65	91.7
2097	projection	68,526,321	41.0–98.6 million	625,356	727,368	1.65	91.8
2098	projection	68,521,392	40.5–99.2 million	626,500	732,905	1.65	91.9
2099	projection	68,511,785	40.0–99.5 million	627,540	738,280	1.65	92.0
2100	projection	68,495,709	39.5–100.1 million	628,294	743,894	1.65	92.1

Show the numbers: France, mid-2026, by single year of age

France: population by single year of age, mid-2026
Age	Male	Female
0	324,836	309,962
1	325,877	311,572
2	327,316	313,273
3	340,812	326,254
4	357,607	342,413
5	350,928	336,426
6	344,570	330,580
7	351,899	335,658
8	354,924	338,910
9	382,469	365,552
10	392,004	374,123
11	383,044	368,355
12	395,648	379,907
13	403,670	383,410
14	409,556	388,775
15	417,606	398,068
16	422,044	403,514
17	424,032	404,680
18	428,919	408,823
19	435,898	416,065
20	440,641	420,925
21	439,058	419,754
22	436,330	416,263
23	431,918	411,930
24	427,392	406,554
25	423,348	403,716
26	409,836	393,780
27	407,770	393,842
28	405,976	392,720
29	383,181	374,171
30	371,968	368,378
31	363,072	364,637
32	357,350	359,497
33	366,830	366,466
34	375,206	379,789
35	381,668	388,456
36	384,118	393,008
37	386,174	400,041
38	389,298	405,718
39	389,444	408,659
40	388,750	409,752
41	383,889	405,472
42	377,905	398,664
43	388,677	407,739
44	404,789	423,103
45	413,309	432,120
46	411,802	426,820
47	403,744	412,044
48	405,676	408,550
49	400,031	403,067
50	393,951	402,421
51	409,016	413,770
52	428,838	433,578
53	437,053	450,419
54	434,460	452,132
55	426,660	446,754
56	417,076	440,008
57	406,411	433,250
58	400,723	428,047
59	404,403	431,927
60	410,503	440,410
61	411,608	443,421
62	407,493	442,028
63	395,517	432,738
64	387,202	425,956
65	387,108	427,214
66	382,021	425,872
67	370,630	418,027
68	362,516	411,988
69	356,519	409,957
70	347,956	405,545
71	340,798	400,320
72	331,695	392,638
73	324,900	390,012
74	317,496	384,800
75	315,397	383,802
76	312,278	383,428
77	301,811	373,829
78	290,476	365,345
79	270,114	347,618
80	222,438	291,641
81	180,892	243,216
82	168,126	231,130
83	152,436	212,614
84	130,601	187,105
85	117,905	174,902
86	114,194	176,652
87	104,649	170,103
88	91,178	156,697
89	79,237	144,828
90	67,392	131,560
91	56,037	117,794
92	45,346	102,856
93	36,062	88,981
94	27,722	74,786
95	20,328	60,138
96	14,258	46,280
97	9,550	34,247
98	6,280	25,024
99	3,958	17,554
100+	5,342	29,724

FRA · 1950–2100 · every age, every year

France, every age in every year

Each column is a year and each row an age; the denser the ink in a cell, the more people. Everyone born in the same year climbs one 45° diagonal, so famines, baby booms and migration show up as streaks. Select a cell to follow its generation.

FRA · ages 15–64

Who does the work in France

France had the most working-age people it is ever expected to have in 2011: 41,045,400 people aged 15–64, against 40,837,300 in 2023.

100 aged 15–64

27 children

35 aged 65+

aged 15–64 children under 15 aged 65 and over

How to read this: take 100 people of working age — the orange row — and the two rows under it are the children (teal) and the people of 65 and over (violet) who lived alongside them in 2023.

At no point between 1950 and 2100 do fewer than 50 dependants live alongside every 100 people aged 15–64 here.

fewer than 50 dependants per 100 the same, projected 50 or more

How to read this: one stripe a year from 1950 to 2100. A stripe takes colour in a year when fewer than 50 dependants live alongside every 100 people of working age, and stays grey otherwise; hatching means the year is projected.

How every country compares

FRA · arrivals minus departures

Who arrives in France, and who leaves

In 2020–2025 France gains 122,378 people a year: everyone who arrives, minus everyone who leaves. The age at which that happens most is 20–24, at 26,310 a year more arriving than leaving.

one square = 5,000 people a year

020406080+

more arrive than leave more leave than arrive

How to read this: age runs left to right, babies to 100. A blue square above the line means arrivals outnumber departures at that age, an orange square below it means the opposite. The figures are the UN's projection for 2020–2025; nobody recorded migration by age before 2020.

Across the counted years, 1950 to 2023, its biggest single-year gain was 200,629 (2004); its biggest loss, 21,463 (1996).

In 2024, 9,186,757 people living in France had been born in another country, 14 of every 100 people there, against 10 in 1990.

How migration works everywhere

FRA · births by the mother's age · 1950–2100

Who has the babies in France

Of every 100 babies born in France in 2023, 1 had a mother under 20, 71 a mother aged 20 to 34 and 28 a mother aged 35 or older. In 1950 it was 6 under 20 and 15 aged 35 or older.

1950
6 · 79 · 15

2023
1 · 71 · 28

2050 · projected
1 · 68 · 31

The mother's age: under 20 20 to 34 35 or older projected

How to read this: one block a year, 100 squares in each, a square for every hundredth baby. The colour is the mother's age group, and the three numbers underneath are those groups in order, youngest first.

Babies born, 2023: 638,891
Average age when women have a baby: 31.6 years; 28.2 in 1950
Babies a year per 1,000 girls aged 15–19: 4; 35 in 1950

Babies by the mother's age, 1950–2100

Babies born in France by the mother's age
Mother's age	1950	1975	2000	2023	2050 projected	2100 projected
10–14	108	153	180	104	79	74
15–19	54,577	70,666	22,558	7,002	4,680	4,663
20–24	275,489	280,528	118,504	63,637	51,450	53,221
25–29	284,822	254,521	287,530	169,734	166,865	166,557
30–34	123,125	91,464	232,743	221,700	237,293	224,425
35–39	94,704	38,893	99,564	135,994	157,806	136,803
40–44	31,742	10,880	19,205	38,079	47,286	39,314
45–49	1,776	1,066	783	2,641	3,595	3,237
50–54	81	188	47	0	0	0
All babies	866,424	748,359	781,114	638,891	669,054	628,294

The UN's births for each year, split by the mother's age in the UN's own proportions.

FRA · healthy years · 2021

Years in good health in France

A baby born in France in 2021 could expect 81.9 years of life, 70.1 of them in full health (95% range 69.2–70.9). The years in less than full health come to 11.8, above the world's 9.5.

Women

71.0 in full health, 13.7 not: 84.7 years

Men

69.1 in full health, 10.0 not: 79.1 years

a year in full health a year in less than full health

How to read this: each square is a year of life, each row ten years; filled squares are years in full health, rounded to whole years.

Women: 71.0 healthy years of 84.7. Men: 69.1 of 79.1. In 2019, before the pandemic, the healthy years were 70.7.

FRA · forced from home · end of 2025

Displacement in France

At the end of 2025, France was hosting 873,646 people who had crossed a border into it, about 13 of every 1,000 people living there.

hosted from abroad873,646
France nationals abroad621

stayed inside their own country crossed a border

How to read this: one square stands for 20,000 people, so the rows can be compared with one another. The last row is people from France living in another country, wherever they are. An outlined square means fewer people than one square stands for.

In 2025, 111,343 people asked for asylum in France for the first time; 219 people from France asked for asylum in another country. Who asks for asylum, and who is given it

How the world's displacement is counted

FRA · of every 100 people

How people live in France

Of every 100 people in France in 2025, 34 lived in a city, 28 in a town or suburb and 38 in the countryside.

cities towns and suburbs rural areas

Nearly everyone has electricity at home (2024). 11.3 of every 100 do not use the internet (2024).

How to read this: everyone here, shrunk to 100 squares, with the colour saying whether that hundredth person lives in a city, a town or the countryside. Every country is measured by the same rule.

How the world's people live

FRA · adults 25 and over · 2020

How far people in France went in school

Of every 100 adults in France in 2020, 2 never went to school and 72 finished upper secondary or went further.

2 never went to school 17 finished primary 9 finished lower secondary 40 finished upper secondary 32 studied after school

Its people aged 15 to 64 were most numerous in 2020, the first year counted, and are never as many again in the middle projection; the ones who finished upper secondary are most numerous later, in 2070.

How to read this: the row is the adults (25 and over) shrunk to 100 people, coloured by how far each went in school, least schooling on the left. The Wittgenstein Centre's count, 2020.

How far the world's people went in school

FRA · cities · 2025

Cities in France

France had 71 cities in 2025, home to 22.9 million people. The largest, Paris, holds 14 of every 100 people in France.

Paris9,381,921
Lyon1,202,985
Lille893,282
Marseille891,463
Toulouse642,224
Bordeaux631,551
Nantes453,523
Nice418,294
Strasbourg398,175
Grenoble359,128

All 13 cities in France that reach 300,000 people

Paris 9,381,921
Lyon 1,202,985
Lille 893,282
Marseille 891,463
Toulouse 642,224
Bordeaux 631,551
Nantes 453,523
Nice 418,294
Strasbourg 398,175
Grenoble 359,128
Montpellier 324,059
Rouen 311,071
Toulon 298,777

How to read this: the 10 largest cities in 2025, bars on one scale. A city is the whole built-up area on the UN's rule, not the city's own boundary.

All the world's cities

Apparatus

Sources and method

Every figure on this page comes from the UN's World Population Prospects 2024: the annual country tables (estimates to 2023, projections with 95% intervals from 2024), and the population by single year of age and sex for the pyramid.

The censuses, surveys and registers behind the UN's estimates for France are listed, source by source, on the UN's own data sources page.

Sources: UN WPP 2024 · World Bank · UNHCR · country code lists · UN WUP 2025 · Wittgenstein Centre · WHO GHO · flag-icons · Natural Earth. Every source, its licence and how to cite it →

Checked before it was drawn

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries The pyramid for every year was checked against the published total. What that stamp counts, and what every page here has to pass before it can be built: how this site checks its figures.