Country or area · Middle Africa · Africa · UN WPP 2024

Chad population

Chad population now

21,698,073

A projection read at this second, not a count: the UN's totals for 1 January 2026 and 2027, joined by a straight line. 95% range for 31 December 2026: 20.7–22.9 million.

Mid-2023, UN estimate: 19,319,064

Year: 2026; projection · medium
Population, mid-2026: 21.5604 million; 95% range, 31 Dec: 20.7–22.9 million
Median age: 16.7
Aged 65+: 2.1%

Move through time, 1950–2100

2023 | 2024

male female projection · one cell = 10,000 people

How to read this: one row for each age, newborns at the bottom; men on the left, women on the right.

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries

TCD · 1950–2100 · in brief

Chad in numbers

19,319,064 people lived in Chad in mid-2023: 0.24% of the world's people, and the 66th-largest population of the 236 countries and areas the UN reports. That is 7.6 times its 1950 population of 2.5 million.

In the UN's medium projection it is still growing in 2100, when it reaches 69.5 million. The projection is uncertain: on 1 January 2100 the UN's 95% range runs from 29.7 million to 267 million.

Births outnumber deaths in every year from 1950 to 2100, estimates and projection alike.

The median age was 21.3 in 1950 and 16.4 in 2023; the projection has 32.7 in 2100. 2.1% of people were 65 or older in 2023, against 10.0% projected for 2100. The working-age population (15–64) is still growing in 2100 in the medium projection.

Its place in the world by population: 66th in 2023, 52nd in 2050, 37th in 2100. In the medium projection it overtakes Chile in 2024, Kazakhstan in 2025 and Taiwan in 2028.

Population, mid-2023: 19,319,064
Rank by population, 2023: 66 of 236
Share of the world, 2023: 0.24%
Change in a year, mid-2022 to mid-2023: +4.68% · +863,748 people
People per km² of land, 2023: 15
Land area, 2023: 1,259,200 km²
Births, 2023: 819,054
Deaths, 2023: 213,123
Net migration, 2023: +496,830
Children per woman, 2023: 6.12
Median age, 2023: 16.4 years
Life expectancy at birth, 2023: 55.1 years
In a city, 2025: 31 of every 100
Population, mid-1950: 2,525,454
Projected, mid-2050: 38,857,686
Projected, mid-2100: 69,546,607

TCD · 1950–2100 · total population

Population, 1950–2100

estimates | projections050 m100 m150 m200 m250 m300 m1950197520002025205020752100

estimate projection, up to the bottom of the 95% range 95% range medium projection. One column is one year's population, read on 1 January; the paper rules divide it into equal cells.

Show the numbers: Chad, 1950–2100

Chad: population on 1 January, births, deaths, fertility and life expectancy, 1950–2100
Year	Kind	Population, 1 Jan	95% range	Births	Deaths	Children per woman	Life expectancy
1950	estimate	2,503,092		118,651	74,173	6.06	35.2
1951	estimate	2,547,815		120,383	75,317	6.07	35.5
1952	estimate	2,592,998		122,331	75,734	6.09	35.9
1953	estimate	2,639,627		124,327	76,015	6.11	36.3
1954	estimate	2,687,914		126,375	76,056	6.13	36.8
1955	estimate	2,738,095		128,480	75,940	6.15	37.4
1956	estimate	2,790,403		130,645	75,798	6.17	37.9
1957	estimate	2,844,909		132,874	76,095	6.19	38.3
1958	estimate	2,901,257		135,176	76,424	6.21	38.7
1959	estimate	2,959,477		137,551	77,249	6.23	39.0
1960	estimate	3,019,167		139,995	77,991	6.25	39.2
1961	estimate	3,080,508		142,520	78,881	6.27	39.4
1962	estimate	3,143,385		145,156	79,843	6.29	39.6
1963	estimate	3,207,811		147,963	80,550	6.30	39.9
1964	estimate	3,273,998		150,937	81,455	6.32	40.1
1965	estimate	3,340,960		154,108	83,196	6.34	40.0
1966	estimate	3,407,481		157,564	84,440	6.36	40.1
1967	estimate	3,474,326		161,356	85,215	6.39	40.4
1968	estimate	3,542,699		165,503	86,039	6.43	40.7
1969	estimate	3,613,763		170,364	86,952	6.48	41.0
1970	estimate	3,688,464		175,474	87,811	6.53	41.4
1971	estimate	3,767,192		180,852	91,448	6.58	40.9
1972	estimate	3,847,441		192,022	90,879	6.85	41.9
1973	estimate	3,939,063		196,601	92,180	6.87	42.4
1974	estimate	4,032,754		200,611	93,714	6.86	42.6
1975	estimate	4,123,959		204,612	95,296	6.88	42.7
1976	estimate	4,210,509		208,317	96,991	6.89	42.7
1977	estimate	4,292,084		211,496	98,000	6.90	42.9
1978	estimate	4,371,250		214,126	99,043	6.89	43.0
1979	estimate	4,451,482		217,551	99,774	6.91	43.2
1980	estimate	4,559,286		223,597	101,129	6.91	43.5
1981	estimate	4,471,619		210,666	98,761	6.94	43.5
1982	estimate	4,570,300		217,820	98,700	6.96	43.9
1983	estimate	4,906,666		249,001	104,317	6.98	44.5
1984	estimate	5,051,594		258,658	107,150	7.01	44.7
1985	estimate	5,038,695		250,979	105,137	7.04	45.3
1986	estimate	5,153,842		257,944	105,584	7.07	45.6
1987	estimate	5,348,296		274,324	117,527	7.11	43.1
1988	estimate	5,528,322		289,728	111,241	7.15	46.4
1989	estimate	5,722,883		303,359	114,875	7.19	46.4
1990	estimate	5,916,289		315,229	123,268	7.22	45.1
1991	estimate	6,049,377		320,901	120,798	7.26	46.6
1992	estimate	6,361,976		345,324	125,980	7.30	46.8
1993	estimate	6,587,336		359,543	129,558	7.34	47.0
1994	estimate	6,670,956		354,106	130,107	7.31	47.1
1995	estimate	6,895,944		365,665	131,659	7.29	47.5
1996	estimate	7,282,184		392,522	137,929	7.29	47.5
1997	estimate	7,538,032		402,049	141,017	7.27	47.8
1998	estimate	7,802,700		414,756	144,700	7.27	47.8
1999	estimate	8,074,980		426,186	147,916	7.26	47.9
2000	estimate	8,370,430		439,131	151,959	7.25	47.9
2001	estimate	8,653,756		451,136	153,878	7.23	48.3
2002	estimate	8,954,492		460,121	157,125	7.20	48.4
2003	estimate	9,277,893		474,662	159,920	7.18	48.6
2004	estimate	9,697,773		499,724	165,588	7.16	48.7
2005	estimate	10,142,299		523,340	171,040	7.13	48.9
2006	estimate	10,513,884		538,567	176,541	7.12	48.8
2007	estimate	10,898,964		555,267	178,531	7.09	49.2
2008	estimate	11,264,357		568,419	180,982	7.06	49.5
2009	estimate	11,688,234		585,846	183,913	7.02	49.8
2010	estimate	12,099,273		603,058	186,881	6.99	50.1
2011	estimate	12,525,877		618,487	189,498	6.95	50.4
2012	estimate	12,984,117		636,465	192,221	6.91	50.8
2013	estimate	13,437,879		649,348	194,840	6.84	51.0
2014	estimate	13,944,280		667,604	199,643	6.78	51.1
2015	estimate	14,433,077		681,261	203,257	6.71	51.3
2016	estimate	14,862,165		688,209	204,769	6.62	51.6
2017	estimate	15,367,145		701,724	207,416	6.54	51.9
2018	estimate	15,878,373		717,372	207,721	6.46	52.5
2019	estimate	16,434,688		739,415	208,890	6.41	53.0
2020	estimate	16,935,758		753,575	212,340	6.35	53.1
2021	estimate	17,513,600		771,674	216,831	6.25	53.1
2022	estimate	18,142,947		800,043	211,974	6.21	54.5
2023	estimate	18,767,684		819,054	213,123	6.12	55.1
2024	estimate	19,870,444		878,222	224,906	6.03	55.2
2025	projection	20,727,802	20.2–21.2 million	907,325	232,418	5.94	55.4
2026	projection	21,279,608	20.5–22.0 million	909,765	235,921	5.83	55.6
2027	projection	21,841,152	20.7–22.9 million	914,247	239,395	5.74	55.7
2028	projection	22,509,599	21.0–23.9 million	922,811	244,021	5.63	55.9
2029	projection	23,185,900	21.4–24.9 million	935,384	248,958	5.54	56.0
2030	projection	23,866,179	21.8–26.0 million	945,060	253,921	5.44	56.2
2031	projection	24,548,779	22.1–27.0 million	957,376	258,729	5.36	56.4
2032	projection	25,245,700	22.4–28.0 million	964,929	263,564	5.25	56.5
2033	projection	25,946,763	22.8–29.1 million	974,881	268,488	5.15	56.7
2034	projection	26,648,918	23.0–30.3 million	984,264	273,349	5.06	56.8
2035	projection	27,345,897	23.3–31.6 million	993,785	278,373	4.97	57.0
2036	projection	28,048,661	23.7–32.8 million	1,003,043	283,539	4.88	57.1
2037	projection	28,772,348	23.9–34.0 million	1,013,593	288,523	4.80	57.3
2038	projection	29,493,595	24.1–35.3 million	1,023,851	293,823	4.72	57.5
2039	projection	30,219,316	24.4–36.5 million	1,033,904	299,356	4.63	57.6
2040	projection	30,950,097	24.6–37.9 million	1,044,668	305,175	4.55	57.7
2041	projection	31,664,587	24.9–39.4 million	1,054,404	310,696	4.47	57.9
2042	projection	32,405,662	25.2–40.8 million	1,066,456	316,284	4.39	58.1
2043	projection	33,149,684	25.4–42.2 million	1,077,965	322,334	4.32	58.2
2044	projection	33,900,805	25.7–43.7 million	1,090,436	328,450	4.24	58.4
2045	projection	34,643,837	25.8–44.9 million	1,101,480	334,463	4.17	58.5
2046	projection	35,408,949	26.2–46.9 million	1,112,705	340,831	4.10	58.6
2047	projection	36,167,185	26.4–48.5 million	1,124,201	347,092	4.04	58.8
2048	projection	36,926,654	26.6–50.1 million	1,134,599	353,432	3.97	58.9
2049	projection	37,708,286	26.9–52.0 million	1,145,140	359,956	3.91	59.1
2050	projection	38,469,565	27.2–53.9 million	1,153,892	366,071	3.85	59.2
2051	projection	39,245,807	27.4–55.9 million	1,162,181	372,549	3.79	59.4
2052	projection	40,026,258	27.8–58.2 million	1,170,295	379,304	3.73	59.5
2053	projection	40,808,224	28.0–60.3 million	1,177,822	386,225	3.67	59.6
2054	projection	41,589,354	28.1–62.3 million	1,184,401	393,087	3.62	59.8
2055	projection	42,361,623	28.2–64.4 million	1,189,549	399,861	3.56	59.9
2056	projection	43,147,679	28.6–66.9 million	1,195,065	406,855	3.51	60.0
2057	projection	43,923,308	28.8–69.3 million	1,199,510	414,142	3.46	60.2
2058	projection	44,690,887	29.0–71.9 million	1,202,649	421,217	3.41	60.3
2059	projection	45,461,643	29.1–74.3 million	1,205,572	428,387	3.37	60.4
2060	projection	46,243,809	29.2–76.5 million	1,208,711	435,584	3.32	60.6
2061	projection	47,022,139	29.1–79.6 million	1,211,984	442,905	3.27	60.7
2062	projection	47,767,366	29.3–82.6 million	1,212,176	450,430	3.23	60.8
2063	projection	48,509,811	29.5–85.4 million	1,212,524	458,180	3.18	61.0
2064	projection	49,245,292	29.7–88.2 million	1,211,781	465,657	3.14	61.1
2065	projection	49,992,688	29.7–91.1 million	1,212,932	473,983	3.10	61.2
2066	projection	50,713,934	29.9–94.0 million	1,214,040	481,940	3.06	61.3
2067	projection	51,441,187	30.0–97.5 million	1,213,840	490,025	3.02	61.5
2068	projection	52,124,233	30.0–100.7 million	1,214,167	497,721	2.98	61.6
2069	projection	52,817,273	30.2–103.5 million	1,214,990	506,330	2.95	61.7
2070	projection	53,501,896	30.1–107.6 million	1,214,841	514,719	2.92	61.9
2071	projection	54,182,357	30.1–111.3 million	1,216,265	523,460	2.89	62.0
2072	projection	54,866,958	30.0–114.7 million	1,217,590	532,795	2.86	62.1
2073	projection	55,552,809	30.0–118.1 million	1,218,899	541,963	2.83	62.2
2074	projection	56,216,833	30.1–121.5 million	1,220,333	551,052	2.80	62.3
2075	projection	56,861,683	30.2–125.5 million	1,220,596	559,994	2.77	62.4
2076	projection	57,509,888	30.3–130.9 million	1,220,175	569,300	2.75	62.6
2077	projection	58,144,160	30.5–135.1 million	1,218,836	578,184	2.72	62.7
2078	projection	58,773,453	30.5–139.4 million	1,217,703	587,790	2.69	62.8
2079	projection	59,407,853	30.7–143.4 million	1,217,099	597,399	2.67	62.9
2080	projection	60,027,750	30.6–148.0 million	1,215,738	606,672	2.64	63.0
2081	projection	60,627,126	30.7–153.3 million	1,214,520	616,226	2.62	63.1
2082	projection	61,225,423	30.7–157.4 million	1,212,642	625,543	2.59	63.3
2083	projection	61,774,311	30.6–165.0 million	1,210,761	635,039	2.57	63.4
2084	projection	62,338,333	30.3–170.5 million	1,209,472	644,633	2.55	63.5
2085	projection	62,890,732	30.6–175.7 million	1,206,382	654,202	2.53	63.6
2086	projection	63,433,839	30.8–180.8 million	1,202,106	664,032	2.51	63.7
2087	projection	63,949,528	30.6–185.7 million	1,197,728	674,228	2.49	63.8
2088	projection	64,459,154	30.7–191.8 million	1,193,246	683,982	2.46	63.9
2089	projection	64,934,485	30.7–196.7 million	1,188,279	693,556	2.44	64.1
2090	projection	65,419,913	30.6–202.3 million	1,183,426	703,336	2.42	64.2
2091	projection	65,904,011	30.6–207.5 million	1,178,994	713,270	2.41	64.3
2092	projection	66,350,742	30.6–214.2 million	1,173,538	723,556	2.39	64.4
2093	projection	66,795,690	30.6–220.1 million	1,169,129	733,687	2.37	64.5
2094	projection	67,216,078	30.5–226.9 million	1,164,382	743,709	2.35	64.6
2095	projection	67,602,290	30.6–235.4 million	1,158,392	754,186	2.34	64.8
2096	projection	67,984,519	30.4–237.7 million	1,154,081	764,489	2.32	64.9
2097	projection	68,367,219	30.2–243.8 million	1,150,689	774,930	2.31	65.0
2098	projection	68,747,079	30.1–252.5 million	1,145,241	785,127	2.29	65.1
2099	projection	69,067,525	29.8–261.0 million	1,140,099	795,565	2.28	65.2
2100	projection	69,387,414	29.7–267.3 million	1,135,470	805,331	2.27	65.3

Show the numbers: Chad, mid-2026, by single year of age

Chad: population by single year of age, mid-2026
Age	Male	Female
0	438,208	423,934
1	421,572	409,527
2	399,448	388,458
3	378,695	368,582
4	363,435	353,986
5	348,660	339,816
6	337,106	328,660
7	325,153	317,057
8	313,462	305,706
9	303,867	296,432
10	296,203	288,982
11	288,783	281,672
12	279,542	272,574
13	270,614	263,768
14	261,865	255,156
15	252,821	246,269
16	244,047	237,596
17	234,836	228,662
18	226,273	220,487
19	217,944	212,624
20	209,597	204,942
21	200,786	196,902
22	191,131	188,050
23	183,674	181,265
24	179,368	177,556
25	175,524	174,211
26	170,814	169,834
27	165,882	165,139
28	160,560	159,996
29	155,260	154,795
30	147,766	147,374
31	139,794	139,510
32	136,354	136,205
33	132,452	132,534
34	124,399	124,759
35	117,723	118,298
36	112,980	113,720
37	107,350	108,252
38	101,391	102,456
39	95,221	96,453
40	90,260	91,648
41	88,403	89,968
42	86,301	88,037
43	79,610	81,428
44	73,333	75,214
45	72,252	74,320
46	71,334	73,582
47	68,603	70,932
48	66,274	68,666
49	63,968	66,431
50	61,525	64,072
51	58,992	61,628
52	56,436	59,173
53	53,815	56,670
54	50,332	53,259
55	46,780	49,770
56	43,976	47,078
57	41,264	44,472
58	38,682	41,987
59	36,234	39,624
60	33,875	37,312
61	31,602	35,048
62	29,402	32,829
63	27,257	30,633
64	25,178	28,474
65	23,176	26,380
66	21,266	24,367
67	19,454	22,446
68	17,741	20,624
69	16,136	18,904
70	14,634	17,284
71	13,227	15,758
72	11,910	14,320
73	10,674	12,964
74	9,513	11,684
75	8,430	10,487
76	7,494	9,415
77	6,188	7,780
78	5,047	6,347
79	4,366	5,571
80	3,752	4,864
81	3,170	4,174
82	2,639	3,532
83	2,168	2,950
84	1,760	2,439
85	1,412	1,998
86	1,119	1,620
87	874	1,297
88	666	1,017
89	493	778
90	356	581
91	254	426
92	179	308
93	126	220
94	90	154
95	66	109
96	50	78
97	39	56
98	31	41
99	26	32
100+	69	72

TCD · 1950–2100 · every age, every year

Chad, every age in every year

Each column is a year and each row an age; the denser the ink in a cell, the more people. Everyone born in the same year climbs one 45° diagonal, so famines, baby booms and migration show up as streaks. Select a cell to follow its generation.

TCD · ages 15–64

Who does the work in Chad

In Chad the number of people aged 15–64 is still growing in 2100, the last year the UN projects. In 2023 there were 9,889,050 of them.

100 aged 15–64

91 children

4 aged 65+

aged 15–64 children under 15 aged 65 and over

How to read this: one orange square for each of 100 people aged 15–64 in 2023. Beneath them, teal for the children living alongside those 100 and violet for the people aged 65 or older.

At no point between 1950 and 2100 do fewer than 50 dependants live alongside every 100 people aged 15–64 here.

fewer than 50 dependants per 100 the same, projected 50 or more

How to read this: 1950 on the left, 2100 on the right; coloured in the years with fewer than 50 dependants per 100 working-age people, grey in the rest, hatched where that is a projection.

How every country compares

TCD · arrivals minus departures

Who arrives in Chad, and who leaves

In 2020–2025 Chad gains 153,759 people a year: everyone who arrives, minus everyone who leaves. The age at which that happens most is 25–29, at 29,687 a year more arriving than leaving.

one square = 5,000 people a year

020406080+

more arrive than leave more leave than arrive

How to read this: each column is one age, youngest on the left. Above the line, in blue, are the ages gaining people; below it, in orange, the ages losing them. This is the UN's projection for 2020–2025 — the record of migration by age does not go back beyond 2020.

In the years that were counted, 1950–2023, the most it gained in one year was 496,830 (2023) and the most it lost was 210,126 (1980).

In 2024, 1,269,673 people living in Chad had been born in another country, 6 of every 100 people there, against 1 in 1990.

How migration works everywhere

TCD · births by the mother's age · 1950–2100

Who has the babies in Chad

Of every 100 babies born in Chad in 2023, 17 had a mother under 20, 68 a mother aged 20 to 34 and 15 a mother aged 35 or older. In 1950 it was 23 under 20 and 14 aged 35 or older.

1950
23 · 63 · 14

2023
17 · 68 · 15

2050 · projected
11 · 71 · 18

The mother's age: under 20 20 to 34 35 or older projected

How to read this: shrink a year's babies to 100 and colour each one by the age of its mother — that is a block. Under it, the same three groups as numbers, starting with the youngest mothers.

Babies born, 2023: 819,054
Average age when women have a baby: 29.2 years; 27.6 in 1950
Babies a year per 1,000 girls aged 15–19: 135; 196 in 1950

Babies by the mother's age, 1950–2100

Babies born in Chad by the mother's age
Mother's age	1950	1975	2000	2023	2050 projected	2100 projected
10–14	3,154	5,515	9,370	4,926	787	100
15–19	23,553	44,212	81,238	136,958	131,725	54,854
20–24	30,634	55,266	112,511	226,380	315,331	215,129
25–29	27,089	43,169	101,485	191,051	289,965	308,885
30–34	17,350	28,836	74,690	137,187	213,090	291,762
35–39	11,039	18,519	41,920	78,723	117,142	158,520
40–44	4,784	7,540	15,198	34,897	67,222	87,348
45–49	996	1,486	2,616	8,528	17,590	18,070
50–54	52	69	103	404	1,040	802
All babies	118,651	204,612	439,131	819,054	1,153,892	1,135,470

The UN's births for each year, split by the mother's age in the UN's own proportions.

TCD · healthy years · 2021

Years in good health in Chad

A baby born in Chad in 2021 could expect 59.1 years of life, 51.5 of them in full health (95% range 50.4–52.8). That leaves 7.6 years in less than full health, fewer than the world's 9.5, which mostly means lives are shorter here, with fewer years in which to be ill.

Women

51.9 in full health, 8.8 not: 60.7 years

Men

51.1 in full health, 6.4 not: 57.5 years

a year in full health a year in less than full health

How to read this: each square is a year of life, each row ten years; filled squares are years in full health, rounded to whole years.

Women: 51.9 healthy years of 60.7. Men: 51.1 of 57.5.

TCD · forced from home · end of 2025

Displacement in Chad

At the end of 2025, Chad was hosting 1,511,634 people who had crossed a border into it, about 72 of every 1,000 people living there.

hosted from abroad1,511,634
displaced inside it219,595
Chad nationals abroad32,392

stayed inside their own country crossed a border

How to read this: each square is 50,000 people, so the rows can be compared with one another. The last row is people from Chad living in another country, wherever they are.

In 2025, 2,404 people asked for asylum in Chad for the first time; 2,087 people from Chad asked for asylum in another country. Of every 100 people from Chad whose claims were decided that year, 30 were given protection. Who asks for asylum, and who is given it

How the world's displacement is counted

TCD · of every 100 people

How people live in Chad

Of every 100 people in Chad in 2025, 31 lived in a city, 21 in a town or suburb and 48 in the countryside.

cities towns and suburbs rural areas

86.6 of every 100 have no electricity at home (2024). 87.4 of every 100 do not use the internet (2024).

How to read this: one square for every hundredth person, coloured as the key shows. Because the rule behind the colours is the same everywhere, two countries' squares can be compared directly.

How the world's people live

TCD · adults 25 and over · 2020

How far people in Chad went in school

Of every 100 adults in Chad in 2020, 59 never went to school and 7 finished upper secondary or went further.

59 never went to school 15 some primary 13 finished primary 6 finished lower secondary 4 finished upper secondary 3 studied after school

Compare two generations. Aged 60–64, 89.1 of every 100 women and 65.8 of every 100 men never went to school; aged 25–29, 51.8 and 32.9.

Its people aged 15 to 64 are still growing in 2100 in the middle projection.

How to read this: 100 squares, one for every hundredth adult aged 25 or over, from least schooling on the left to most on the right. Counted by the Wittgenstein Centre for 2020.

How far the world's people went in school

TCD · cities · 2025

Cities in Chad

Chad had 37 cities in 2025, home to 6.6 million people. The largest, N'Djaména, holds 9 of every 100 people in Chad.

N'Djaména1,934,909
Abéché443,793
Moundou281,943
Sarh276,978
Mongo223,205
Am Timan212,167
Koumra181,741
Doba176,643
Karyari172,650
Faya-Largeau168,302

How to read this: the 10 largest cities in 2025, bars on one scale. A city is the whole built-up area on the UN's rule, not the city's own boundary.

All the world's cities

Apparatus

Sources and method

Every figure on this page comes from the UN's World Population Prospects 2024: the annual country tables (estimates to 2023, projections with 95% intervals from 2024), and the population by single year of age and sex for the pyramid.

The censuses, surveys and registers behind the UN's estimates for Chad are listed, source by source, on the UN's own data sources page.

Sources: UN WPP 2024 · World Bank · UNHCR · country code lists · UN WUP 2025 · Wittgenstein Centre · WHO GHO · flag-icons · Natural Earth. Every source, its licence and how to cite it →

Checked before it was drawn

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries The pyramid for every year was checked against the published total. What that stamp counts, and what every page here has to pass before it can be built: how this site checks its figures.