Country or area · Eastern Europe · Europe · UN WPP 2024

Romania population

Romania population now

18,773,946

A projection read at this second, not a count: the UN's totals for 1 January 2026 and 2027, joined by a straight line. 95% range for 31 December 2026: 18.6–18.9 million.

Mid-2023, UN estimate: 19,118,478

Year: 2026; projection · medium
Population, mid-2026: 18.8006 million; 95% range, 31 Dec: 18.6–18.9 million
Median age: 44.4
Aged 65+: 20.2%

Move through time, 1950–2100

2023 | 2024

male female projection · one cell = 5,000 people

How to read this: one row for each age, newborns at the bottom; men on the left, women on the right.

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries

ROU · 1950–2100 · in brief

Romania in numbers

Romania had 19,118,478 people in mid-2023, the 67th-largest population of the 236 countries and areas the UN reports, and 0.24% of the world's people. That is 1.2 times its 1950 population of 16.4 million.

Its population peaked in 1991 at 22.9 million and has been falling since. The UN's medium projection has 10.8 million in 2100. The projection is uncertain: on 1 January 2100 the UN's 95% range runs from 5.8 million to 19.3 million.

Deaths have outnumbered births every year since 1993, and do so in every projected year to 2100.

The median age was 26.3 in 1950 and 43.6 in 2023; the projection has 51.3 in 2100. 19.8% of people were 65 or older in 2023, against 32.8% projected for 2100. The working-age population (15–64) peaked in 1993 at 15.3 million; in 2023 it was 12.3 million.

By size it is the 67th country in 2023; the projection puts it 81st in 2050 and 98th in 2100. In the medium projection it overtakes Taiwan in 2087. It is overtaken by Senegal in 2025, Somalia in 2025 and Guatemala in 2026.

Population, mid-2023: 19,118,478
Rank by population, 2023: 67 of 236
Share of the world, 2023: 0.24%
Change in a year, mid-2022 to mid-2023: −0.25% · −48,294 people
People per km² of land, 2023: 83
Land area, 2023: 230,080 km²
Births, 2023: 183,623
Deaths, 2023: 257,119
Net migration, 2023: −27,780
Children per woman, 2023: 1.71
Median age, 2023: 43.6 years
Life expectancy at birth, 2023: 75.9 years
In a city, 2025: 31 of every 100
Population, mid-1950: 16,397,279
Projected, mid-2050: 16,027,266
Projected, mid-2100: 10,768,185

ROU · 1950–2100 · total population

Population, 1950–2100

estimates | projections05 m10 m15 m20 m25 m1950197520002025205020752100

estimate projection, up to the bottom of the 95% range 95% range medium projection. Each column is the population on 1 January of one year; the paper rules cut it into equal cells.

Show the numbers: Romania, 1950–2100

Romania: population on 1 January, births, deaths, fertility and life expectancy, 1950–2100
Year	Kind	Population, 1 Jan	95% range	Births	Deaths	Children per woman	Life expectancy
1950	estimate	16,281,956		417,257	194,862	3.08	60.5
1951	estimate	16,512,602		422,118	194,071	3.05	61.2
1952	estimate	16,738,598		424,771	192,167	3.02	61.8
1953	estimate	16,953,496		427,991	189,778	2.99	62.5
1954	estimate	17,161,900		433,948	188,879	2.99	63.0
1955	estimate	17,371,427		441,735	192,970	3.01	63.3
1956	estimate	17,579,110		426,937	190,107	2.88	63.6
1957	estimate	17,803,881		406,720	187,167	2.71	64.0
1958	estimate	17,970,697		388,337	183,451	2.57	64.4
1959	estimate	18,121,561		365,786	178,831	2.42	64.9
1960	estimate	18,253,836		348,222	173,513	2.32	65.6
1961	estimate	18,373,154		320,549	167,184	2.16	66.4
1962	estimate	18,471,874		297,335	161,594	2.02	67.2
1963	estimate	18,551,465		288,519	158,514	1.99	67.8
1964	estimate	18,623,395		279,351	155,832	1.95	68.3
1965	estimate	18,687,408		270,385	158,672	1.90	68.4
1966	estimate	18,738,700		264,821	164,244	1.87	68.2
1967	estimate	18,813,818		510,539	178,343	3.59	68.1
1968	estimate	19,183,292		509,623	187,693	3.54	68.0
1969	estimate	19,538,818		454,894	203,765	3.11	67.2
1970	estimate	19,864,798		418,706	196,974	2.81	67.9
1971	estimate	20,158,451		395,201	199,618	2.60	68.4
1972	estimate	20,428,514		385,436	193,226	2.48	69.0
1973	estimate	20,682,638		379,753	207,040	2.39	68.7
1974	estimate	20,914,009		428,430	196,068	2.66	69.5
1975	estimate	21,153,095		422,961	202,134	2.60	69.6
1976	estimate	21,383,045		417,557	207,030	2.55	69.9
1977	estimate	21,612,322		418,612	214,759	2.57	69.5
1978	estimate	21,788,033		406,687	215,205	2.52	69.8
1979	estimate	21,948,100		396,607	223,954	2.49	69.5
1980	estimate	22,091,147		381,606	237,692	2.44	69.3
1981	estimate	22,218,395		362,763	233,102	2.35	69.5
1982	estimate	22,327,184		329,197	229,953	2.17	69.8
1983	estimate	22,421,701		310,478	238,554	2.08	69.8
1984	estimate	22,496,713		336,008	236,812	2.25	69.9
1985	estimate	22,571,284		347,803	250,630	2.31	69.4
1986	estimate	22,640,356		367,835	248,609	2.38	69.7
1987	estimate	22,709,129		376,668	260,870	2.38	69.0
1988	estimate	22,782,054		376,046	260,385	2.31	69.4
1989	estimate	22,848,805		365,632	254,093	2.20	69.5
1990	estimate	22,926,476		315,316	251,056	1.84	69.8
1991	estimate	22,952,584		281,531	255,046	1.60	70.0
1992	estimate	22,942,243		269,273	265,775	1.51	69.5
1993	estimate	22,882,542		258,713	265,824	1.44	69.5
1994	estimate	22,801,959		252,862	268,046	1.40	69.3
1995	estimate	22,710,526		241,445	273,267	1.34	69.3
1996	estimate	22,604,920		234,634	289,864	1.30	68.8
1997	estimate	22,478,900		236,400	282,442	1.32	69.1
1998	estimate	22,344,125		235,028	272,100	1.32	69.9
1999	estimate	22,225,676		230,951	267,404	1.30	70.6
2000	estimate	22,106,642		228,113	256,413	1.30	71.2
2001	estimate	21,985,881		220,102	260,892	1.27	71.1
2002	estimate	21,853,954		217,678	278,962	1.27	70.8
2003	estimate	21,686,079		220,146	298,258	1.30	70.8
2004	estimate	21,500,822		223,352	301,140	1.33	71.1
2005	estimate	21,305,613		229,483	282,749	1.39	71.6
2006	estimate	21,121,162		229,474	267,556	1.42	72.2
2007	estimate	20,950,303		228,535	254,622	1.45	72.8
2008	estimate	20,791,129		242,417	242,835	1.58	73.2
2009	estimate	20,646,355		242,503	243,400	1.64	73.5
2010	estimate	20,507,498		225,478	252,957	1.57	73.6
2011	estimate	20,357,650		204,154	252,669	1.48	74.3
2012	estimate	20,206,372		202,782	261,026	1.51	74.3
2013	estimate	20,110,533		192,935	253,246	1.47	74.9
2014	estimate	20,015,309		200,990	259,818	1.56	74.8
2015	estimate	19,921,039		204,558	268,849	1.62	74.7
2016	estimate	19,821,000		208,708	263,528	1.69	75.0
2017	estimate	19,733,101		213,626	267,948	1.77	75.0
2018	estimate	19,645,702		206,794	269,435	1.75	75.1
2019	estimate	19,550,042		196,640	265,725	1.71	75.3
2020	estimate	19,453,042		193,180	301,133	1.73	74.0
2021	estimate	19,331,896		187,162	336,901	1.72	72.7
2022	estimate	19,164,426		183,845	268,224	1.72	75.3
2023	estimate	19,169,119		183,623	257,119	1.71	75.9
2024	estimate	19,067,838		180,942	257,985	1.71	76.1
2025	projection	18,962,338	18.9–19.0 million	178,474	256,801	1.71	76.3
2026	projection	18,854,963	18.7–19.0 million	176,198	255,931	1.71	76.4
2027	projection	18,746,246	18.6–18.9 million	173,943	255,105	1.70	76.5
2028	projection	18,636,869	18.4–18.9 million	171,990	254,468	1.70	76.7
2029	projection	18,526,911	18.2–18.9 million	170,235	253,964	1.70	76.8
2030	projection	18,415,185	18.0–18.8 million	169,057	253,525	1.70	77.0
2031	projection	18,303,829	17.8–18.8 million	167,978	253,335	1.70	77.2
2032	projection	18,191,697	17.6–18.8 million	167,297	253,207	1.70	77.3
2033	projection	18,079,653	17.4–18.8 million	166,422	253,354	1.70	77.5
2034	projection	17,966,084	17.2–18.8 million	165,788	253,665	1.70	77.6
2035	projection	17,852,408	17.0–18.8 million	165,119	253,766	1.69	77.8
2036	projection	17,736,426	16.7–18.8 million	164,651	254,060	1.69	77.9
2037	projection	17,619,670	16.5–18.8 million	164,125	254,385	1.69	78.1
2038	projection	17,502,912	16.3–18.8 million	163,495	254,498	1.69	78.2
2039	projection	17,384,929	16.1–18.8 million	162,652	254,639	1.69	78.4
2040	projection	17,268,195	15.9–18.8 million	161,969	254,536	1.69	78.5
2041	projection	17,151,241	15.7–18.8 million	160,974	254,261	1.69	78.7
2042	projection	17,032,323	15.5–18.8 million	159,963	253,696	1.69	78.8
2043	projection	16,915,179	15.2–18.8 million	158,978	252,883	1.69	79.0
2044	projection	16,797,508	15.0–18.8 million	157,567	251,805	1.69	79.2
2045	projection	16,679,052	14.8–18.9 million	156,037	250,453	1.69	79.3
2046	projection	16,561,588	14.6–18.8 million	154,445	249,155	1.69	79.5
2047	projection	16,444,393	14.4–18.8 million	152,624	247,581	1.69	79.6
2048	projection	16,325,263	14.2–18.8 million	150,558	246,082	1.68	79.8
2049	projection	16,206,126	14.0–18.8 million	148,577	244,762	1.69	79.9
2050	projection	16,086,598	13.8–18.8 million	146,301	243,492	1.68	80.1
2051	projection	15,967,935	13.6–18.9 million	144,074	242,257	1.68	80.2
2052	projection	15,847,701	13.4–18.8 million	141,868	241,264	1.68	80.4
2053	projection	15,725,379	13.2–18.9 million	139,595	240,348	1.68	80.6
2054	projection	15,603,667	13.0–19.0 million	137,440	239,891	1.68	80.7
2055	projection	15,480,037	12.8–19.0 million	135,420	239,601	1.68	80.9
2056	projection	15,353,124	12.6–19.0 million	133,471	239,533	1.68	81.0
2057	projection	15,224,717	12.4–19.0 million	131,501	239,680	1.68	81.2
2058	projection	15,095,551	12.2–18.9 million	129,884	239,514	1.68	81.3
2059	projection	14,965,440	12.0–18.9 million	128,304	239,340	1.68	81.5
2060	projection	14,833,915	11.9–18.9 million	126,981	238,841	1.68	81.6
2061	projection	14,702,261	11.7–18.9 million	125,793	238,200	1.68	81.8
2062	projection	14,569,277	11.4–18.8 million	124,699	236,813	1.68	81.9
2063	projection	14,436,208	11.3–18.8 million	123,718	235,068	1.68	82.1
2064	projection	14,305,324	11.1–18.8 million	122,803	232,923	1.68	82.2
2065	projection	14,175,301	10.9–18.8 million	121,888	230,492	1.68	82.3
2066	projection	14,046,026	10.6–18.8 million	120,985	227,717	1.68	82.5
2067	projection	13,920,847	10.4–18.8 million	120,372	224,711	1.68	82.6
2068	projection	13,798,374	10.2–18.7 million	119,824	221,806	1.68	82.8
2069	projection	13,679,395	10.0–18.7 million	118,963	218,444	1.68	82.9
2070	projection	13,561,854	9.9–18.7 million	118,262	215,172	1.67	83.1
2071	projection	13,446,969	9.7–18.7 million	117,502	212,070	1.67	83.2
2072	projection	13,334,424	9.5–18.7 million	116,678	208,998	1.67	83.3
2073	projection	13,224,528	9.4–18.7 million	115,933	205,955	1.67	83.5
2074	projection	13,118,545	9.3–18.7 million	114,973	202,779	1.67	83.6
2075	projection	13,013,792	9.1–18.8 million	114,094	199,812	1.67	83.8
2076	projection	12,911,468	9.0–18.8 million	112,941	196,876	1.67	83.9
2077	projection	12,810,758	8.8–18.8 million	111,963	193,985	1.67	84.0
2078	projection	12,711,560	8.7–18.8 million	110,835	191,484	1.67	84.2
2079	projection	12,613,909	8.5–18.7 million	109,581	188,895	1.67	84.3
2080	projection	12,517,860	8.3–18.7 million	108,228	186,371	1.67	84.4
2081	projection	12,422,832	8.1–18.8 million	106,935	183,688	1.67	84.5
2082	projection	12,329,849	8.0–18.9 million	105,670	181,240	1.67	84.7
2083	projection	12,240,007	7.9–18.9 million	104,240	178,843	1.67	84.8
2084	projection	12,150,672	7.7–18.9 million	102,909	176,421	1.67	84.9
2085	projection	12,062,888	7.6–18.9 million	101,513	173,986	1.67	85.1
2086	projection	11,976,622	7.5–18.9 million	100,157	171,708	1.67	85.2
2087	projection	11,890,372	7.3–18.9 million	98,905	169,557	1.67	85.3
2088	projection	11,806,662	7.3–18.9 million	97,643	167,593	1.67	85.4
2089	projection	11,723,327	7.1–19.0 million	96,430	165,917	1.67	85.6
2090	projection	11,640,124	7.0–19.0 million	95,294	164,590	1.67	85.7
2091	projection	11,556,590	6.9–19.1 million	94,386	163,414	1.67	85.8
2092	projection	11,474,466	6.8–19.1 million	93,411	162,666	1.67	86.0
2093	projection	11,391,932	6.7–19.2 million	92,508	161,959	1.67	86.1
2094	projection	11,308,808	6.5–19.1 million	91,578	161,328	1.67	86.2
2095	projection	11,226,903	6.4–19.2 million	90,851	160,933	1.67	86.3
2096	projection	11,144,148	6.3–19.1 million	90,129	160,488	1.67	86.4
2097	projection	11,061,388	6.1–19.3 million	89,291	159,936	1.67	86.6
2098	projection	10,978,282	6.1–19.4 million	88,535	159,551	1.67	86.7
2099	projection	10,894,667	5.9–19.2 million	87,937	159,097	1.67	86.8
2100	projection	10,810,476	5.8–19.3 million	87,303	158,477	1.67	86.9

Show the numbers: Romania, mid-2026, by single year of age

Romania: population by single year of age, mid-2026
Age	Male	Female
0	90,298	85,575
1	91,071	86,332
2	92,120	87,326
3	93,160	88,340
4	94,327	89,496
5	95,908	90,797
6	98,802	94,088
7	102,407	98,238
8	105,386	100,884
9	106,406	101,702
10	104,798	100,112
11	103,032	98,449
12	102,056	97,642
13	102,708	98,269
14	103,568	98,977
15	106,399	102,008
16	111,483	106,950
17	113,452	108,423
18	111,656	106,790
19	109,626	105,309
20	109,724	105,753
21	108,560	104,483
22	105,472	101,247
23	100,229	96,251
24	97,008	93,101
25	99,701	95,586
26	102,022	97,810
27	102,300	98,298
28	101,748	97,742
29	100,284	96,029
30	100,113	95,722
31	102,297	97,640
32	103,988	99,166
33	106,212	100,785
34	109,082	103,136
35	117,474	111,341
36	131,127	124,544
37	140,036	132,804
38	142,928	135,064
39	140,068	132,274
40	135,624	127,661
41	130,915	122,610
42	117,211	108,480
43	115,562	106,413
44	132,046	123,422
45	142,074	134,084
46	147,424	139,637
47	150,790	143,888
48	152,881	147,202
49	153,124	148,799
50	150,880	147,646
51	150,772	148,382
52	144,916	143,810
53	139,272	139,206
54	142,696	142,135
55	146,521	146,986
56	154,426	158,122
57	169,364	176,543
58	171,768	181,598
59	131,338	139,668
60	94,042	101,462
61	90,980	99,887
62	90,733	101,225
63	89,964	103,544
64	89,316	105,320
65	90,433	108,881
66	91,863	115,696
67	93,275	122,804
68	95,607	129,044
69	99,025	133,698
70	101,828	138,698
71	96,203	135,754
72	87,233	126,454
73	82,830	121,762
74	78,886	117,866
75	75,674	115,291
76	73,152	114,395
77	63,494	101,958
78	52,305	84,589
79	46,923	77,248
80	39,428	67,516
81	34,516	61,304
82	31,260	57,298
83	26,931	51,052
84	24,719	48,720
85	22,709	46,236
86	20,925	43,842
87	18,359	39,548
88	15,302	33,311
89	12,562	27,394
90	9,850	21,333
91	7,453	15,959
92	5,618	11,804
93	4,307	8,668
94	3,072	5,956
95	2,012	3,761
96	1,320	2,341
97	846	1,416
98	532	834
99	329	480
100+	420	599

ROU · 1950–2100 · every age, every year

Romania, every age in every year

Each column is a year and each row an age; the denser the ink in a cell, the more people. Everyone born in the same year climbs one 45° diagonal, so famines, baby booms and migration show up as streaks. Select a cell to follow its generation.

ROU · ages 15–64

Who does the work in Romania

Romania had the most working-age people it is ever expected to have in 1993: 15,310,400 people aged 15–64, against 12,306,600 in 2023.

100 aged 15–64

25 children

31 aged 65+

aged 15–64 children under 15 aged 65 and over

How to read this: the orange squares are 100 people aged 15–64 in 2023, and the rows below are how many children (teal) and how many people aged 65 or older (violet) lived alongside them.

Fewer than 50 dependants live alongside every 100 people aged 15–64 in 27 years: 1966–1967 and 1992–2016.

fewer than 50 dependants per 100 the same, projected 50 or more

How to read this: the strip runs 1950 to 2100. Coloured years are the ones with under 50 dependants for every 100 people aged 15–64; grey years are the rest, and a hatched year has not happened yet.

How every country compares

ROU · arrivals minus departures

Who arrives in Romania, and who leaves

In 2020–2025 Romania loses 1,208 people a year: everyone who arrives, minus everyone who leaves. The age at which that happens most is 20–24, at 1,354 a year more leaving than arriving.

one square = 200 people a year

020406080+

more arrive than leave more leave than arrive

How to read this: left to right is age, from babies to 100. Blue squares above the line are ages at which more people arrive than leave; orange squares below it, ages at which more leave than arrive. These are the UN's projection for 2020–2025. There is no record of migration by age before 2020.

Its best and worst years between 1950 and 2023: a gain of 89,076 (2022), and a loss of 144,368 (2008).

In 2024, 655,579 people living in Romania had been born in another country, 3 of every 100 people there, against fewer than 1 in 1990.

How migration works everywhere

ROU · births by the mother's age · 1950–2100

Who has the babies in Romania

Of every 100 babies born in Romania in 2023, 10 had a mother under 20, 73 a mother aged 20 to 34 and 17 a mother aged 35 or older. In 1950 it was 10 under 20 and 13 aged 35 or older.

1950
10 · 77 · 13

2023
10 · 73 · 17

2050 · projected
2 · 73 · 25

The mother's age: under 20 20 to 34 35 or older projected

How to read this: each block is 100 babies born in that year, one square each, coloured by how old the mother was. The numbers under a block are the three groups, youngest mothers first.

Babies born, 2023: 183,623
Average age when women have a baby: 28.1 years; 27.8 in 1950
Babies a year per 1,000 girls aged 15–19: 34; 51 in 1950

Babies by the mother's age, 1950–2100

Babies born in Romania by the mother's age
Mother's age	1950	1975	2000	2023	2050 projected	2100 projected
10–14	262	307	549	784	17	11
15–19	41,473	57,247	31,113	17,961	2,262	1,431
20–24	146,182	173,177	81,811	35,564	14,283	9,173
25–29	118,288	106,748	67,991	51,343	39,488	24,755
30–34	57,995	47,524	35,700	47,241	53,499	30,526
35–39	36,890	29,412	8,492	25,497	28,869	16,963
40–44	14,924	7,827	2,316	4,834	7,306	4,086
45–49	1,243	719	141	399	577	358
50–54	0	0	0	0	0	0
All babies	417,257	422,961	228,113	183,623	146,301	87,303

The UN's births for each year, split by the mother's age in the UN's own proportions.

ROU · healthy years · 2021

Years in good health in Romania

In Romania, WHO puts the healthy years a newborn could expect in 2021 at 63.8 (95% range 63.2–64.5), out of 72.8 in all. That leaves 9.0 years in less than full health, fewer than the world's 9.5, even though lives here are longer than the world's 71.4 years.

Women

66.2 in full health, 10.3 not: 76.5 years

Men

61.6 in full health, 7.6 not: 69.2 years

a year in full health a year in less than full health

How to read this: each square is a year of life, each row ten years; filled squares are years in full health, rounded to whole years.

Women: 66.2 healthy years of 76.5. Men: 61.6 of 69.2. In 2019, before the pandemic, the healthy years were 66.2.

ROU · forced from home · end of 2025

Displacement in Romania

At the end of 2025, Romania was hosting 206,987 people who had crossed a border into it, about 11 of every 1,000 people living there.

hosted from abroad206,987
Romania nationals abroad11,007

stayed inside their own country crossed a border

How to read this: count the squares — 5,000 people each, so the rows can be compared with one another. The last row is people from Romania living in another country, wherever they are.

In 2025, 1,144 people asked for asylum in Romania for the first time; 2,657 people from Romania asked for asylum in another country. Of every 100 people from Romania whose claims were decided that year, 32 were given protection. Who asks for asylum, and who is given it

How the world's displacement is counted

ROU · of every 100 people

How people live in Romania

Of every 100 people in Romania in 2025, 31 lived in a city, 24 in a town or suburb and 45 in the countryside.

cities towns and suburbs rural areas

Nearly everyone has electricity at home (2024). 8.7 of every 100 do not use the internet (2024).

How to read this: 100 squares, one for every 100th person, coloured by where they live, as the key says. The same rule is used in every country.

How the world's people live

ROU · adults 25 and over · 2020

How far people in Romania went in school

Of every 100 adults in Romania in 2020, 2 never went to school and 68 finished upper secondary or went further.

2 never went to school 7 finished primary 23 finished lower secondary 44 finished upper secondary 24 studied after school

Its people aged 15 to 64 were most numerous in 2020, the first year counted, and are never as many again in the middle projection; nor are the ones who finished upper secondary.

How to read this: 100 squares, one for every hundredth adult aged 25 or over, from least schooling on the left to most on the right. Counted by the Wittgenstein Centre for 2020.

How far the world's people went in school

ROU · cities · 2025

Cities in Romania

Romania had 29 cities in 2025, home to 5.9 million people. The largest, Bucharest, holds 10 of every 100 people in Romania.

Bucharest1,909,536
Timișoara319,240
Cluj-Napoca310,650
Iași275,840
Constanța268,757
Craiova251,285
Brasov226,778
Galați225,126
Ploiești188,227
Oradea163,471

How to read this: the 10 largest cities in 2025, bars on one scale. A city is the whole built-up area on the UN's rule, not the city's own boundary.

All the world's cities

Apparatus

Sources and method

Every figure on this page comes from the UN's World Population Prospects 2024: the annual country tables (estimates to 2023, projections with 95% intervals from 2024), and the population by single year of age and sex for the pyramid.

The censuses, surveys and registers behind the UN's estimates for Romania are listed, source by source, on the UN's own data sources page.

Sources: UN WPP 2024 · World Bank · UNHCR · country code lists · UN WUP 2025 · Wittgenstein Centre · WHO GHO · flag-icons · Natural Earth. Every source, its licence and how to cite it →

Checked before it was drawn

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries The pyramid for every year was checked against the published total. What that stamp counts, and what every page here has to pass before it can be built: how this site checks its figures.