Country or area · Eastern Asia · Asia · UN WPP 2024

Mongolia population

Mongolia population now

3,566,315

A projection read at this second, not a count: the UN's totals for 1 January 2026 and 2027, joined by a straight line. 95% range for 31 December 2026: 3.5–3.6 million.

Mid-2023, UN estimate: 3,431,932

Year: 2026; projection · medium
Population, mid-2026: 3.55680 million; 95% range, 31 Dec: 3.5–3.6 million
Median age: 28.0
Aged 65+: 5.7%

Move through time, 1950–2100

2023 | 2024

male female projection · one cell = 1,000 people

How to read this: one row for each age, newborns at the bottom; men on the left, women on the right.

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries

MNG · 1950–2100 · in brief

Mongolia in numbers

In mid-2023 there were 3,431,932 people in Mongolia: the 133rd-largest population of the 236 countries and areas the UN reports, and 0.04% of the world's people. That is 4.4 times its 1950 population of 782 thousand.

In the UN's medium projection it is still growing in 2100, when it reaches 5.5 million. The projection is uncertain: on 1 January 2100 the UN's 95% range runs from 2.9 million to 10.2 million.

Births outnumber deaths in every year from 1950 to 2100, estimates and projection alike.

The median age was 24.9 in 1950 and 27.8 in 2023; the projection has 42.9 in 2100. 4.9% of people were 65 or older in 2023, against 23.6% projected for 2100. The working-age population (15–64) is projected to peak in 2074 at 3.4 million.

Its place in the world by population: 133rd in 2023, 132nd in 2050, 124th in 2100. In the medium projection it overtakes Croatia in 2031, Georgia in 2033 and Slovakia in 2058. It is overtaken by Namibia in 2050, the Gambia in 2060 and Gabon in 2063.

Population, mid-2023: 3,431,932
Rank by population, 2023: 133 of 236
Share of the world, 2023: 0.04%
Change in a year, mid-2022 to mid-2023: +1.36% · +45,917 people
People per km² of land, 2023: 2.2
Land area, 2023: 1,558,500 km²
Births, 2023: 65,019
Deaths, 2023: 20,340
Net migration, 2023: 0
Children per woman, 2023: 2.69
Median age, 2023: 27.8 years
Life expectancy at birth, 2023: 71.7 years
In a city, 2025: 48 of every 100
Population, mid-1950: 781,688
Projected, mid-2050: 4,501,493
Projected, mid-2100: 5,519,345

MNG · 1950–2100 · total population

Population, 1950–2100

estimates | projections02 m4 m6 m8 m10 m12 m1950197520002025205020752100

estimate projection, up to the bottom of the 95% range 95% range medium projection. Each column is the population on 1 January of one year; the paper rules cut it into equal cells.

Show the numbers: Mongolia, 1950–2100

Mongolia: population on 1 January, births, deaths, fertility and life expectancy, 1950–2100
Year	Kind	Population, 1 Jan	95% range	Births	Deaths	Children per woman	Life expectancy
1950	estimate	775,342		31,712	19,018	5.50	38.6
1951	estimate	788,033		32,168	19,581	5.56	39.0
1952	estimate	800,614		32,949	20,010	5.67	39.4
1953	estimate	813,558		33,745	20,324	5.77	39.8
1954	estimate	826,987		34,610	20,544	5.87	40.2
1955	estimate	841,048		36,010	20,738	6.06	40.7
1956	estimate	856,320		37,429	20,895	6.24	41.4
1957	estimate	880,644		38,858	22,647	6.39	40.4
1958	estimate	905,824		40,307	21,805	6.54	42.8
1959	estimate	932,756		41,745	22,112	6.68	43.7
1960	estimate	962,066		43,140	22,415	6.82	44.5
1961	estimate	993,124		44,587	22,715	6.96	45.4
1962	estimate	1,025,445		45,946	22,987	7.10	46.3
1963	estimate	1,057,442		47,309	23,167	7.24	47.1
1964	estimate	1,085,283		48,398	23,082	7.33	48.0
1965	estimate	1,115,185		49,282	22,917	7.38	48.7
1966	estimate	1,147,168		50,129	22,791	7.41	49.4
1967	estimate	1,180,340		50,650	22,471	7.39	50.1
1968	estimate	1,213,653		51,183	22,165	7.37	50.8
1969	estimate	1,246,207		51,594	21,813	7.34	51.4
1970	estimate	1,278,362		52,269	21,710	7.31	52.0
1971	estimate	1,312,181		53,197	21,661	7.30	52.6
1972	estimate	1,347,961		54,386	21,659	7.28	53.1
1973	estimate	1,385,681		55,710	21,716	7.24	53.6
1974	estimate	1,425,323		57,129	21,832	7.17	54.0
1975	estimate	1,466,776		58,508	22,018	7.07	54.3
1976	estimate	1,509,817		59,910	22,239	6.93	54.6
1977	estimate	1,554,073		61,485	22,490	6.79	54.8
1978	estimate	1,598,416		62,971	22,695	6.62	54.9
1979	estimate	1,640,521		64,326	22,757	6.42	55.1
1980	estimate	1,680,796		65,395	23,051	6.21	55.2
1981	estimate	1,721,875		66,896	23,309	5.98	55.4
1982	estimate	1,763,838		68,723	23,544	5.80	55.6
1983	estimate	1,806,891		70,667	23,747	5.63	55.9
1984	estimate	1,851,293		72,471	23,908	5.45	56.1
1985	estimate	1,897,404		73,967	24,023	5.26	56.4
1986	estimate	1,945,623		74,369	24,039	5.03	56.8
1987	estimate	1,996,307		75,185	24,046	4.83	57.1
1988	estimate	2,049,292		75,564	23,975	4.65	57.5
1989	estimate	2,103,351		74,965	23,544	4.42	58.1
1990	estimate	2,145,019		73,808	22,813	4.21	58.8
1991	estimate	2,184,128		70,309	21,597	3.86	59.8
1992	estimate	2,221,408		64,473	20,641	3.43	60.4
1993	estimate	2,256,838		58,730	19,956	3.02	60.8
1994	estimate	2,290,187		56,387	19,832	2.82	60.9
1995	estimate	2,321,301		56,015	19,825	2.74	60.9
1996	estimate	2,350,129		55,023	19,728	2.62	61.0
1997	estimate	2,376,800		53,031	19,252	2.48	61.4
1998	estimate	2,401,456		51,540	18,566	2.36	62.1
1999	estimate	2,424,112		51,262	17,923	2.30	62.8
2000	estimate	2,443,968		51,054	17,382	2.25	63.5
2001	estimate	2,466,396		50,190	17,345	2.19	63.8
2002	estimate	2,489,003		48,562	17,487	2.10	64.0
2003	estimate	2,511,146		47,027	17,718	2.02	64.1
2004	estimate	2,532,464		46,781	17,974	1.98	64.3
2005	estimate	2,553,121		47,594	17,990	1.99	64.8
2006	estimate	2,573,801		51,590	17,752	2.12	65.6
2007	estimate	2,595,710		57,086	17,356	2.32	66.5
2008	estimate	2,620,221		62,960	17,269	2.53	67.1
2009	estimate	2,648,627		66,143	17,736	2.63	67.2
2010	estimate	2,682,025		64,164	18,318	2.52	67.1
2011	estimate	2,721,439		66,823	18,826	2.60	67.2
2012	estimate	2,768,922		71,536	18,818	2.74	67.6
2013	estimate	2,821,996		76,956	18,686	2.94	68.2
2014	estimate	2,881,765		78,252	18,637	3.00	68.7
2015	estimate	2,944,312		78,749	18,621	3.01	69.2
2016	estimate	3,008,739		77,152	18,637	2.96	69.7
2017	estimate	3,072,885		74,893	18,767	2.89	70.2
2018	estimate	3,135,843		74,921	19,013	2.92	70.6
2019	estimate	3,199,569		76,120	19,685	3.01	70.7
2020	estimate	3,264,658		73,521	21,277	2.95	70.0
2021	estimate	3,316,913		70,193	24,666	2.83	68.6
2022	estimate	3,362,435		67,247	20,082	2.75	71.5
2023	estimate	3,409,595		65,019	20,340	2.69	71.7
2024	estimate	3,454,270		63,101	20,643	2.63	72.0
2025	projection	3,496,810	3.5–3.5 million	61,431	20,939	2.58	72.2
2026	projection	3,537,390	3.5–3.6 million	60,067	21,265	2.54	72.5
2027	projection	3,576,206	3.5–3.6 million	59,151	21,635	2.50	72.7
2028	projection	3,614,177	3.5–3.7 million	58,601	22,030	2.46	73.0
2029	projection	3,651,137	3.6–3.7 million	58,468	22,446	2.42	73.2
2030	projection	3,687,276	3.6–3.8 million	58,755	22,874	2.39	73.4
2031	projection	3,723,187	3.6–3.9 million	59,418	23,339	2.36	73.7
2032	projection	3,758,738	3.6–3.9 million	60,373	23,833	2.33	73.9
2033	projection	3,795,031	3.6–4.0 million	61,628	24,368	2.30	74.1
2034	projection	3,832,226	3.6–4.1 million	63,087	24,869	2.27	74.3
2035	projection	3,870,362	3.6–4.2 million	64,517	25,376	2.25	74.6
2036	projection	3,909,189	3.6–4.2 million	66,033	25,911	2.22	74.8
2037	projection	3,949,141	3.6–4.3 million	67,510	26,478	2.20	75.0
2038	projection	3,990,294	3.6–4.4 million	68,878	27,050	2.18	75.2
2039	projection	4,031,814	3.6–4.5 million	70,014	27,598	2.16	75.4
2040	projection	4,074,235	3.6–4.6 million	70,984	28,162	2.14	75.6
2041	projection	4,116,873	3.6–4.6 million	71,568	28,713	2.12	75.8
2042	projection	4,159,904	3.6–4.7 million	72,056	29,301	2.10	76.0
2043	projection	4,203,033	3.6–4.8 million	72,277	29,884	2.08	76.3
2044	projection	4,245,393	3.7–4.9 million	72,378	30,465	2.07	76.5
2045	projection	4,287,731	3.7–5.0 million	72,209	31,030	2.05	76.7
2046	projection	4,329,828	3.7–5.1 million	71,756	31,587	2.04	76.9
2047	projection	4,370,316	3.7–5.2 million	71,194	32,142	2.02	77.1
2048	projection	4,409,631	3.7–5.3 million	70,485	32,688	2.01	77.3
2049	projection	4,447,428	3.7–5.4 million	69,645	33,221	2.00	77.5
2050	projection	4,484,156	3.7–5.5 million	68,652	33,720	1.99	77.7
2051	projection	4,518,830	3.7–5.5 million	67,676	34,239	1.98	77.8
2052	projection	4,552,699	3.6–5.6 million	66,720	34,730	1.97	78.0
2053	projection	4,585,117	3.6–5.7 million	65,777	35,209	1.97	78.2
2054	projection	4,616,460	3.6–5.8 million	64,869	35,689	1.96	78.4
2055	projection	4,646,293	3.6–5.9 million	64,072	36,171	1.95	78.6
2056	projection	4,674,674	3.6–6.0 million	63,500	36,619	1.94	78.8
2057	projection	4,702,078	3.6–6.1 million	63,021	37,077	1.94	79.0
2058	projection	4,729,160	3.6–6.2 million	62,649	37,523	1.93	79.2
2059	projection	4,754,832	3.6–6.2 million	62,442	37,933	1.92	79.4
2060	projection	4,780,222	3.6–6.3 million	62,399	38,363	1.92	79.5
2061	projection	4,805,513	3.6–6.4 million	62,474	38,784	1.91	79.7
2062	projection	4,829,688	3.5–6.5 million	62,685	39,194	1.90	79.9
2063	projection	4,853,636	3.5–6.6 million	62,955	39,613	1.90	80.1
2064	projection	4,877,522	3.5–6.7 million	63,283	39,993	1.89	80.3
2065	projection	4,901,497	3.5–6.8 million	63,644	40,403	1.89	80.4
2066	projection	4,925,891	3.5–6.9 million	64,087	40,792	1.89	80.6
2067	projection	4,950,646	3.5–7.0 million	64,472	41,196	1.88	80.8
2068	projection	4,974,373	3.4–7.1 million	64,829	41,568	1.88	80.9
2069	projection	4,998,045	3.4–7.2 million	65,116	41,935	1.87	81.1
2070	projection	5,021,224	3.4–7.3 million	65,271	42,283	1.87	81.3
2071	projection	5,044,948	3.4–7.4 million	65,400	42,559	1.86	81.4
2072	projection	5,067,939	3.4–7.5 million	65,427	42,873	1.86	81.6
2073	projection	5,090,562	3.3–7.6 million	65,378	43,130	1.85	81.8
2074	projection	5,113,367	3.3–7.7 million	65,301	43,405	1.85	81.9
2075	projection	5,135,709	3.3–7.7 million	65,065	43,605	1.84	82.1
2076	projection	5,157,773	3.3–7.8 million	64,783	43,788	1.84	82.2
2077	projection	5,179,488	3.3–7.9 million	64,420	43,924	1.84	82.4
2078	projection	5,199,965	3.3–8.0 million	64,115	44,012	1.84	82.5
2079	projection	5,221,478	3.2–8.1 million	63,795	44,133	1.83	82.7
2080	projection	5,241,639	3.2–8.2 million	63,284	44,217	1.83	82.8
2081	projection	5,261,015	3.2–8.3 million	62,894	44,253	1.83	83.0
2082	projection	5,279,661	3.2–8.4 million	62,456	44,312	1.83	83.2
2083	projection	5,297,418	3.2–8.5 million	61,995	44,379	1.82	83.3
2084	projection	5,315,231	3.2–8.5 million	61,613	44,469	1.82	83.5
2085	projection	5,332,338	3.1–8.6 million	61,250	44,562	1.82	83.6
2086	projection	5,349,262	3.1–8.7 million	60,926	44,732	1.82	83.8
2087	projection	5,364,707	3.1–8.8 million	60,626	44,939	1.82	83.9
2088	projection	5,380,189	3.1–8.9 million	60,375	45,196	1.82	84.0
2089	projection	5,395,725	3.0–9.0 million	60,232	45,504	1.82	84.2
2090	projection	5,410,751	3.0–9.1 million	60,063	45,903	1.81	84.3
2091	projection	5,425,068	3.0–9.2 million	59,984	46,403	1.81	84.5
2092	projection	5,438,270	3.0–9.3 million	59,906	46,995	1.81	84.6
2093	projection	5,451,099	3.0–9.4 million	59,870	47,682	1.81	84.7
2094	projection	5,462,997	3.0–9.5 million	59,781	48,431	1.81	84.9
2095	projection	5,474,164	3.0–9.6 million	59,749	49,255	1.80	85.0
2096	projection	5,485,162	3.0–9.7 million	59,689	50,127	1.80	85.1
2097	projection	5,494,346	2.9–9.9 million	59,645	51,066	1.80	85.3
2098	projection	5,502,873	2.9–10.0 million	59,706	52,035	1.80	85.4
2099	projection	5,510,570	2.9–10.1 million	59,649	53,011	1.80	85.5
2100	projection	5,516,678	2.9–10.2 million	59,511	54,009	1.79	85.7

Show the numbers: Mongolia, mid-2026, by single year of age

Mongolia: population by single year of age, mid-2026
Age	Male	Female
0	30,745	29,562
1	31,464	30,232
2	32,341	31,034
3	33,356	31,972
4	34,634	33,174
5	36,190	34,639
6	37,618	35,966
7	38,368	36,578
8	39,229	37,145
9	41,056	38,600
10	42,915	40,174
11	43,657	40,755
12	43,233	40,340
13	41,147	38,501
14	37,976	35,525
15	37,079	34,726
16	36,255	34,081
17	33,306	31,251
18	30,520	28,546
19	28,188	26,298
20	26,236	24,432
21	24,629	22,910
22	23,370	21,747
23	22,494	20,973
24	22,072	20,658
25	22,159	20,850
26	22,574	21,354
27	23,046	21,878
28	23,460	22,308
29	23,777	22,611
30	23,997	22,793
31	24,271	23,030
32	24,783	23,527
33	25,588	24,346
34	26,682	25,482
35	27,994	26,862
36	29,178	28,136
37	29,836	28,892
38	29,839	29,008
39	29,178	28,466
40	27,914	27,328
41	26,386	25,932
42	24,984	24,664
43	23,840	23,642
44	22,978	22,880
45	22,378	22,370
46	21,925	22,008
47	21,482	21,677
48	20,996	21,330
49	20,446	20,952
50	19,820	20,539
51	19,132	20,086
52	18,395	19,595
53	17,627	19,083
54	16,850	18,570
55	16,080	18,070
56	15,345	17,599
57	14,664	17,164
58	14,045	16,758
59	13,482	16,357
60	12,956	15,947
61	12,424	15,498
62	11,840	14,981
63	11,187	14,394
64	10,474	13,754
65	9,703	13,068
66	8,890	12,318
67	8,054	11,477
68	7,200	10,536
69	6,334	9,497
70	5,465	8,373
71	4,646	7,262
72	3,934	6,278
73	3,336	5,454
74	2,853	4,792
75	2,478	4,288
76	2,181	3,894
77	1,940	3,549
78	1,739	3,234
79	1,570	2,939
80	1,420	2,659
81	1,281	2,390
82	1,141	2,127
83	998	1,870
84	855	1,622
85	718	1,388
86	589	1,174
87	474	981
88	374	814
89	289	674
90	220	554
91	164	450
92	122	360
93	88	280
94	64	209
95	44	150
96	30	102
97	18	66
98	12	40
99	7	24
100+	8	36

MNG · 1950–2100 · every age, every year

Mongolia, every age in every year

Each column is a year and each row an age; the denser the ink in a cell, the more people. Everyone born in the same year climbs one 45° diagonal, so famines, baby booms and migration show up as streaks. Select a cell to follow its generation.

MNG · ages 15–64

Who does the work in Mongolia

On the UN's projection, Mongolia will have the most working-age people it ever has in 2074: 3,376,920 people aged 15–64. In 2023 it had 2,144,920.

100 aged 15–64

52 children

8 aged 65+

aged 15–64 children under 15 aged 65 and over

How to read this: take 100 people of working age — the orange row — and the two rows under it are the children (teal) and the people of 65 and over (violet) who lived alongside them in 2023.

Fewer than 50 dependants live alongside every 100 people aged 15–64 in 19 years: 2006–2014 and 2032–2041.

fewer than 50 dependants per 100 the same, projected 50 or more

How to read this: one stripe a year from 1950 to 2100. A stripe takes colour in a year when fewer than 50 dependants live alongside every 100 people of working age, and stays grey otherwise; hatching means the year is projected.

How every country compares

MNG · arrivals minus departures

Who arrives in Mongolia, and who leaves

In 2020–2025 Mongolia gains 24 people a year: everyone who arrives, minus everyone who leaves. The age at which that happens most is 20–24, at 859 a year more arriving than leaving.

one square = 100 people a year

020406080+

more arrive than leave more leave than arrive

How to read this: age runs left to right, babies to 100. A blue square above the line means arrivals outnumber departures at that age, an orange square below it means the opposite. The figures are the UN's projection for 2020–2025; nobody recorded migration by age before 2020.

Across the counted years, 1950 to 2023, its biggest single-year gain was 10,440 (1961); its biggest loss, 17,277 (2008).

In 2024, 22,589 people living in Mongolia had been born in another country, fewer than 1 of every 100 people there, against fewer than 1 in 1990.

How migration works everywhere

MNG · births by the mother's age · 1950–2100

Who has the babies in Mongolia

Of every 100 babies born in Mongolia in 2023, 4 had a mother under 20, 74 a mother aged 20 to 34 and 22 a mother aged 35 or older. In 1950 it was 5 under 20 and 23 aged 35 or older.

1950
5 · 72 · 23

2023
4 · 74 · 22

2050 · projected
3 · 76 · 21

The mother's age: under 20 20 to 34 35 or older projected

How to read this: one block a year, 100 squares in each, a square for every hundredth baby. The colour is the mother's age group, and the three numbers underneath are those groups in order, youngest first.

Babies born, 2023: 65,019
Average age when women have a baby: 29.3 years; 30.5 in 1950
Babies a year per 1,000 girls aged 15–19: 20; 44 in 1950

Babies by the mother's age, 1950–2100

Babies born in Mongolia by the mother's age
Mother's age	1950	1975	2000	2023	2050 projected	2100 projected
10–14	17	48	17	15	12	10
15–19	1,565	3,839	3,861	2,383	2,388	2,278
20–24	7,444	15,974	18,047	13,417	14,520	14,419
25–29	8,533	14,788	15,719	18,180	19,713	18,007
30–34	6,707	11,072	8,510	16,762	17,661	13,661
35–39	3,974	7,453	3,760	11,308	11,608	8,501
40–44	2,808	4,221	990	2,665	2,552	2,347
45–49	625	1,051	140	279	191	277
50–54	39	62	10	10	7	11
All babies	31,712	58,508	51,054	65,019	68,652	59,511

The UN's births for each year, split by the mother's age in the UN's own proportions.

MNG · healthy years · 2021

Years in good health in Mongolia

Of the 70.1 years a baby born in Mongolia in 2021 could expect, about 61.3 would be lived in full health (95% range 60.5–62.1). That leaves 8.8 years in less than full health, fewer than the world's 9.5, which mostly means lives are shorter here, with fewer years in which to be ill.

Women

63.9 in full health, 10.0 not: 73.9 years

Men

58.8 in full health, 7.6 not: 66.4 years

a year in full health a year in less than full health

How to read this: each square is a year of life, each row ten years; filled squares are years in full health, rounded to whole years.

Women: 63.9 healthy years of 73.9. Men: 58.8 of 66.4. In 2019, before the pandemic, the healthy years were 62.0.

MNG · forced from home · end of 2025

Displacement in Mongolia

At the end of 2025, Mongolia was hosting 26 people who had crossed a border into it, fewer than 1 in every 10,000 people living there.

hosted from abroad26
Mongolia nationals abroad6,082

stayed inside their own country crossed a border

How to read this: one square stands for 200 people, so the rows can be compared with one another. The last row is people from Mongolia living in another country, wherever they are. An outlined square means fewer people than one square stands for.

In 2025, 1,809 people from Mongolia asked for asylum in another country. Of every 100 people from Mongolia whose claims were decided that year, 7 were given protection. Who asks for asylum, and who is given it

How the world's displacement is counted

MNG · of every 100 people

How people live in Mongolia

Of every 100 people in Mongolia in 2025, 48 lived in a city, 23 in a town or suburb and 29 in the countryside.

cities towns and suburbs rural areas

0.9 of every 100 have no electricity at home (2024). 14.9 of every 100 do not use the internet (2024).

How to read this: everyone here, shrunk to 100 squares, with the colour saying whether that hundredth person lives in a city, a town or the countryside. Every country is measured by the same rule.

How the world's people live

MNG · adults 25 and over · 2020

How far people in Mongolia went in school

Of every 100 adults in Mongolia in 2020, 2 never went to school and 73 finished upper secondary or went further.

2 never went to school 2 some primary 9 finished primary 14 finished lower secondary 45 finished upper secondary 28 studied after school

The middle projection has its working-age people most numerous in 2075; those among them who finished upper secondary are most numerous later, in 2080.

How to read this: every adult here as one of 100 squares. The stronger the colour, the further that person went in school (the Wittgenstein Centre, 2020).

How far the world's people went in school

MNG · cities · 2025

Cities in Mongolia

Mongolia had 2 cities in 2025, home to 1.7 million people. The largest, Ulaanbaatar, holds 45 of every 100 people in Mongolia.

Ulaanbaatar1,596,556
Erdenet88,490

How to read this: the 2 largest cities in 2025, bars on one scale. A city is the whole built-up area on the UN's rule, not the city's own boundary.

All the world's cities

Apparatus

Sources and method

Every figure on this page comes from the UN's World Population Prospects 2024: the annual country tables (estimates to 2023, projections with 95% intervals from 2024), and the population by single year of age and sex for the pyramid.

The censuses, surveys and registers behind the UN's estimates for Mongolia are listed, source by source, on the UN's own data sources page.

Sources: UN WPP 2024 · World Bank · UNHCR · country code lists · UN WUP 2025 · Wittgenstein Centre · WHO GHO · flag-icons · Natural Earth. Every source, its licence and how to cite it →

Checked before it was drawn

Verified 2026-09-30 · 73 canaries The pyramid for every year was checked against the published total. What that stamp counts, and what every page here has to pass before it can be built: how this site checks its figures.